2014年6月18日 星期三
mark the beginning of
According to the Chinese Lunar calendar, this is the last meeting of the Legislative Council in Gengyin year and next week will mark the beginning of Xinmao year.
林健鋒議員:主席,正所謂“光陰似箭”,以農曆年計算,今天的會議 已經是庚寅 年的最後一次立法會會議,而下星期,我們便即將踏入辛 卯年。
This meeting will mark the beginning of the postreferendum negotiations.
这次会议将标志着全民投票后谈判的 开始。
Layla marked the beginnings of the women's press in Iraq, and the magazine is credited with being one of the factors in [...]
Layla》 标志着伊拉克女性杂志的开端,这 本杂志被列入阿拉伯妇女运动出现的因素之一。
core courses
1. 必修課程
Under the RME Rules, post-1990 principals are required to complete all principal's core courses in their first practice year from 14 March 2003 to 31 March 2004.
根據風險管理教育規則,1990年以後的 主管必須在2003年 3月 14日至2004年 3 月 31日其首個執業年度內完成所 有主管必修課程。
2. 核心課程
The curricula for these core courses have been centrally developed and are common among course providers. A wide array of [...]
各式各樣的選修單元則 由院校各自 發展,內容以實用為主,範圍廣泛,以迎合學員不同的興 趣和性向。
Under the RME Rules, post-1990 principals are required to complete all principal's core courses in their first practice year from 14 March 2003 to 31 March 2004.
根據風險管理教育規則,1990年以後的 主管必須在2003年 3月 14日至2004年 3 月 31日其首個執業年度內完成所 有主管必修課程。
2. 核心課程
The curricula for these core courses have been centrally developed and are common among course providers. A wide array of [...]
各式各樣的選修單元則 由院校各自 發展,內容以實用為主,範圍廣泛,以迎合學員不同的興 趣和性向。
electives
1. 選修科目
should be offered more elective subjects in S4 and be guided to select two or three electives to focus on in S5 and S6.
為擴闊學生的知識基礎,我們建議學校在中四級為學生提供較多的選修科 目,並引導他們在中五及中六集中選讀兩至三 門 選修科目。
2. 選修單元
successful completion of two electives under PYJ (if a student who enrols in PYJ have successfully completed one or two quality-assured piloting course(s) in a related study area, he will only be required to study seven core modules plus one elective (instead of three electives) under PYJ).
成功修畢兩科毅進計劃選修單元( 如學生成功修畢一個 或兩個通過質素保證程序的試 點課程,報讀相關學習範 疇的毅進課程,有關學生在毅進課程下只須 修 讀7 個必修 單元及1個選修單元,而無須修讀3個 選 修單 元)。
should be offered more elective subjects in S4 and be guided to select two or three electives to focus on in S5 and S6.
為擴闊學生的知識基礎,我們建議學校在中四級為學生提供較多的選修科 目,並引導他們在中五及中六集中選讀兩至三 門 選修科目。
2. 選修單元
successful completion of two electives under PYJ (if a student who enrols in PYJ have successfully completed one or two quality-assured piloting course(s) in a related study area, he will only be required to study seven core modules plus one elective (instead of three electives) under PYJ).
成功修畢兩科毅進計劃選修單元( 如學生成功修畢一個 或兩個通過質素保證程序的試 點課程,報讀相關學習範 疇的毅進課程,有關學生在毅進課程下只須 修 讀7 個必修 單元及1個選修單元,而無須修讀3個 選 修單 元)。
further
1 as a verb
to develop or make progres in something改進;推進;增進He has probably done more to further the cause of interracial harmony than any otherperson.在推進種族和諧方面他可能比其他人做的都要多。Additional training is probably the best way to further your career these days.如今額外的訓練可能是推進你事業發展的最佳途徑。
2.as an adverb
comparative of far; to a greater distance or degree; at a more advanced level(far 的比較級)更遠地,在更大程度上;進一步地I'm afraid I never got further than the first five pages of 'Ulysses'.恐怕我看《尤利西斯》從未超過開頭的五頁,之後就看不下去了。We discussed the problem but we didn't get much further in actually solving it.我們討論了這個問題,但在實際解決方面沒有取得多大進展。The whole matter is further complicated by the fact that Amanda and Jo refuse tospeak to each other.阿曼達和喬彼此拒絕說話,使得整個事件更加複雜了。Every day she sinks further and further into depression.她一天天地消沈下去。
to develop or make progres in something改進;推進;增進He has probably done more to further the cause of interracial harmony than any otherperson.在推進種族和諧方面他可能比其他人做的都要多。Additional training is probably the best way to further your career these days.如今額外的訓練可能是推進你事業發展的最佳途徑。
2.as an adverb
comparative of far; to a greater distance or degree; at a more advanced level(far 的比較級)更遠地,在更大程度上;進一步地I'm afraid I never got further than the first five pages of 'Ulysses'.恐怕我看《尤利西斯》從未超過開頭的五頁,之後就看不下去了。We discussed the problem but we didn't get much further in actually solving it.我們討論了這個問題,但在實際解決方面沒有取得多大進展。The whole matter is further complicated by the fact that Amanda and Jo refuse tospeak to each other.阿曼達和喬彼此拒絕說話,使得整個事件更加複雜了。Every day she sinks further and further into depression.她一天天地消沈下去。
further
2014年6月17日 星期二
Appositive=同位語
copied: http://englishwizard.mysinablog.com/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=1933420
1. Appositive=同位語
2. An appositive is a noun (or a noun phrase or noun clause) which follows a noun (or a pronoun or noun phrase or noun clause) and describes it. (簡單說,同位語就是在一個名詞之後的名詞,後一個名詞用來說明前一個名詞。不過,上文的「名詞」可以是noun也可以是noun phrase或noun clause,見英文解釋。)
3. A simple appositive is an epithet(綽號) like Alexander the Great. (the Great 是Alexander的同位語。)
4. Appositives are often set off by commas from their antecedents. (通常用comma將同位語和前述語分開。)
5. 說B是A的同位語→B is in apposition with A.
6. 請看以下例子:
l MaoTai Wine (茅台酒), a powerful Chinese drink
l We visited the home of William Shakespeare, (the) author of Romeo and Juliet. (the可用亦可省略)
(The italicized portion is the appositive.)
l My manager, (the)supervisor of the entire accounting function, can’t add or subtract. (我的經理身為會計部主管卻連加減數都不懂。題外話,你可以做個實驗,同位語和他的前述詞一定可以用be改寫,例如這句可以My manager is the supervisor of the entire accounting function but he can’t add or subtract.)
l He has expressed his position on alcohol, total abstinence, to the entire staff. (他已向全體員工表明對酒的立場:完全戒飲。)
l The systems engineer, Tony Cheung, explained everything to the customer with enough jargon to justify our billing. (系統工稅師Tony Cheung用很多外人不明白的行內術語來向客戶解釋,藉此證明賬單的錢收得有理。)廣義而言
l 在the idea that the government would change its policy,that-clause 裡that以後的字和idea也可看作有同位關係。
l 在the city of Hong Kong,the disgrace of losing the contest和the honour of winning the contest裡,of-phrase 裡of以後的字與前述詞也可看作有同位關係:即Hong Kong is in apposition with the city. Losing the contest is in apposition with the honour
標籤:
appositive同位語
Appositive § Appositive
什麼是同位語 Appositive?
通常放在名詞或代名詞後面,用來對該名詞或代名詞作補充說明的
單詞、短語或從句。同位語與有關的名詞或代名詞有同等的地位。
例如:
This man, a lawyer, lives near my house.
We, young people, should do our duties.
Do you betray Mr. Morgan, your bosom friend?
I bought a dictionary, a red-covered one.
I cannot see my grandfather again, a regretful thing.
* "regretful thing" 是前面整個句子的同位語。
The news, that Mr. Wilson has come to Hong Kong, is untrue.
Let us three go together.
* "three" 是同位語。一般為了眉目清楚,同位語與先前的名詞或代名詞
多用逗號隔開,但有時為了語氣銜暢,則可不用逗號隔開。
The story that he is in love with her is going round.
* "that he is in love with her" 是同位語。若無需特別彰顯同位語的
意思,亦可不用逗號隔開。
練習
翻譯:
1. 李先生,一位名醫,時常幫助窮人。
2. 這本書,一本英文字典,價錢太貴了。
3. 他將送給我一隻貓,黑白相間的。
4. 他不能升學,一件遺憾的事。
5. 那消息,約翰與瑪麗已結婚,是不真確的。
6. 他的話,人生如夢,是真的。
7. 他,一個懶惰的孩子,為什麼應被讚許?
8. 我用了二十元買一本書,陳先生撰寫的。
9. 約翰,湯姆的好友,是一個商人。
10. 瑪麗,我的妹妹,有一部新車。
標籤:
appositive同位語
2014年6月16日 星期一
entry requirement
入讀條件
authority accrediting its degree programmes; the entryrequirements to the course; and the content and duration of the course.
評審工作會按個別情況進行,我 們會考慮到有關學院的㆞位、其 學位課程評審機構的㆞位、課程 的入讀 條件, 以及課程的內容和長短。
authority accrediting its degree programmes; the entryrequirements to the course; and the content and duration of the course.
評審工作會按個別情況進行,我 們會考慮到有關學院的㆞位、其 學位課程評審機構的㆞位、課程 的入讀 條件, 以及課程的內容和長短。
well equipped to cope with
[...] institutions on an on-going basis to strengthen employees’ all round skills and knowledge, aiming to well equip them to cope with the Group’s development in the ever-changing economy.
本集團經常進行多類持續性的內部培訓,以增強僱員各方面之 技能和知識,為共同與本集團於瞬息萬變之經濟環境中發 展作好充 分準備。
本集團經常進行多類持續性的內部培訓,以增強僱員各方面之 技能和知識,為共同與本集團於瞬息萬變之經濟環境中發 展作好充 分準備。
furnish sb with sth
to provide someone with something
向(某人)提供
Furnished with a compass and sandwiches, they set off for a day's hiking.
他們帶著羅盤和三明治開始了一天的徒步旅行。
2014年6月14日 星期六
have + sth + pp 句式
here are at least two different constructions involved here.
1. You can cause someone to do something:
I will have the mechanic look at my car.
I will have John come to see you tomorrow
This is a little formal.
2. You can cause something to be done.
I will have my car repaired.
I will have the matter looked into.
3. You can express the idea that you will not tolerate something.
I will not have dogs digging up my garden.
I won't have you smoking at your age.
source: http://www.usingenglish.com/forum/ask-teacher/134762-having-somebody-do-doing-something.html
1. You can cause someone to do something:
I will have the mechanic look at my car.
I will have John come to see you tomorrow
This is a little formal.
2. You can cause something to be done.
I will have my car repaired.
I will have the matter looked into.
3. You can express the idea that you will not tolerate something.
I will not have dogs digging up my garden.
I won't have you smoking at your age.
source: http://www.usingenglish.com/forum/ask-teacher/134762-having-somebody-do-doing-something.html
描金的福建漆盤子裡還放著當天的報
倒裝句2: Ahead sat an old man. (位置副詞+動詞+主詞)
中文句子基本上沒有被動句,當然是有「被」的句子,但中文的動詞沒有英文的動詞那樣,主動被動分得清清楚楚。例如,「那邊種了一棵樹」,「種」如果譯成英文一定是被動:A tree was planted there,但中文卻不會說「那邊被種了一棵樹」。中英文中的主詞都沒有提及,但中文卻不會刻意將動詞加上「被」。
這一種動詞實際是被動的中文句子,譯成英文時有四種譯法。倒裝句是其中一種。
讓我以這句做例子:描金的福建漆盤子裡還放著當天的報。
第一種譯法:用被動句。即成:The morning newspaper was put on the gilded Fujian lacquer tray.這是最見的譯法。
第二種:用There is句式─There is the morning newspaper on the gilded Fujian lacquer tray.
第三種:用倒裝,即是:On the gilded Fujian lacquer lay the morning newspaper. lay是lie的過去式,是主動動詞,直譯是:當天的報躺在描金的福建漆盤子裡。
第四種是補上主語:One has put the morning newspaper on the gilded Fujian lacquer tray.
其他可用此種倒裝句的動詞包括:climb, come, fly, go, lie, run, sit, stand等。
正如我們同意了的,...
例句: AS AGREED,WE ISSUE THE DRAFT TO YOU NOW.
介词后接过去分词作宾语的用法非常少见,主要见于某些固定搭配或特殊结构,比如当as表示“当作”“按照”时,就可后接某些过去分词。如:
We can’t regard the matter as settled. 我们不能认为这事已经解决。
I finished the work as requested. 我按要求完成了工作。
He had failed to visit her as promised. 他没有按他的诺言来看望她。
Not all of them had gone well, and fewer still had gone as planned. 并非所有的事情都进展顺利,按计划进行的则更少。
Owing to the rain the garden party did not take place as advertised. 由于下雨,游园会没有按照广告说的时间举行。
【注】有的介词后接过去分词,实际上是由从属连接所引导的从句省略“主语和动词be”后所导致的结果:
Leave in oven until cooked. 放在烤箱里一直到烤熟。(可视为在as后省略了it is)
It usually happens as described above. 情况通常就像上面描述的那样发生了。(可视为在as后省略了it is)
標籤:
connective 連接詞,
voice/ 語態
中英被動句
英語的被動句很有趣。很多中文句子雖然沒有「被」這個字,但實際是被動句,因此譯成英文的被動式。
例如:這間學校將於今年年底建成。譯成英文是:The construction of the school will be completed by the end of this year.
又或:請全體職員下午2時在會議室集合。譯成英文是:All staff are requested to meet in the conference room at 2 p.m.
從以上例句看到,其實中文不是沒有被動句,只是不是時常有被動標記,如「被」、「遭」、「給」等。
反而,中文常常也用沒有被動標記的被動句,而且有很多慣用語,如:
「應該說」,譯成英文是:It should be said that…
「很明顯」是:It is obvious that…
「普遍認為」是:It is generally agreed that…
「大家知道」是:It is well known that…
「必須指出」是:It should be pointed out that…
「必須承認」是:It should be admitted that….
「無可否認」是:It should not be denied that…
「可以肯定」是:It can be confirmed that…
「由此可見」是:It can be seen that…
「人們希望」是:It is hoped that…
大家可以看到,英文譯為被動句的,中文都沒有被動標記。
英文被動句譯做中文主動句
The car is selling badly.
這車子賣得很差。
The stadium filled rapidly.
體育館很快就擠滿了。
I was born in Hong Kong.
我在香港出世。
The vegetables are all cut up.
蔬菜已經切好了。
The car was given to my wife.
那車給了我妻子。
這車子賣得很差。
The stadium filled rapidly.
體育館很快就擠滿了。
I was born in Hong Kong.
我在香港出世。
The vegetables are all cut up.
蔬菜已經切好了。
The car was given to my wife.
那車給了我妻子。
2014年6月13日 星期五
give prominence to
The Economic and Social Council recommends that the General Assembly should also give more prominence to its annual agenda item entitled ‘Follow-up to and implementation of the outcome of the[...]
理事会建议大会还应进一步注重‘2002 年发展筹资问题国际会议 成果的后续行动和执行情况以及 2008 年审查会议的筹备情况’的年度议程 项目。
理事会建议大会还应进一步注重‘2002 年发展筹资问题国际会议 成果的后续行动和执行情况以及 2008 年审查会议的筹备情况’的年度议程 项目。
adverbial fronting2
adverbial fronting2
【问】 (a) On the tree there were some very large oranges .
( b) On th e tree w ere some ver y lar ge orang es .
我知道句(b)也是正确的 , 因为 地点状语位于句首为主谓倒 装提供了条件 , 如 同
th ere 为主谓 倒装 提供了 条件 一 样。 但 是 , 这 两 种 句型 究 竟 有 什么 区 别 , 却 是 一 个
困惑了我很久的问题。
【答】 这也是困惑了我很久的一个问题。幸运的是, 现代语言家们已对此作了透彻的阐
述。他们认为句(a)和句(b)在句意上非常相似。区别仅仅在于 : 句(a)中的动词常常具
有 chanced to, happened to 的含义 ,因而主语大都是无定的。而句(b)中充当主语的名词
短语比较具体明确 , 有时表示意料中的事, 因而对名词的有定性或无定性较少限制。在
一份英语用法调查中, 在句型(b)中有定性名词充当主语的例句甚至超过了无定性名词
充当主语的例句。
1.
( a) In th e gard en there was a sun dial .
stood
( b) In th e gard en was a sundial .( CGE L )
stood
在花园里有一个日晷仪。
2. In th e gard en la y
Joan
his f ather
the ol d la d y
( fast asleep ) .( CG E L )
花园中躺着琼/ 他的父亲/ 老太太(在熟睡)。
3. In th e doorwa y stood m y brother .
门口站着我的哥哥。
4. Und er a tree was sitting one o f th e bigg est men I hav e ever seen .( PE U )
树下坐着一个我所见到过的最大个儿的男人。
5. O n th e b ed la y a beauti f ul young girl . ( PE U )
【问】 (a) On the tree there were some very large oranges .
( b) On th e tree w ere some ver y lar ge orang es .
我知道句(b)也是正确的 , 因为 地点状语位于句首为主谓倒 装提供了条件 , 如 同
th ere 为主谓 倒装 提供了 条件 一 样。 但 是 , 这 两 种 句型 究 竟 有 什么 区 别 , 却 是 一 个
困惑了我很久的问题。
【答】 这也是困惑了我很久的一个问题。幸运的是, 现代语言家们已对此作了透彻的阐
述。他们认为句(a)和句(b)在句意上非常相似。区别仅仅在于 : 句(a)中的动词常常具
有 chanced to, happened to 的含义 ,因而主语大都是无定的。而句(b)中充当主语的名词
短语比较具体明确 , 有时表示意料中的事, 因而对名词的有定性或无定性较少限制。在
一份英语用法调查中, 在句型(b)中有定性名词充当主语的例句甚至超过了无定性名词
充当主语的例句。
1.
( a) In th e gard en there was a sun dial .
stood
( b) In th e gard en was a sundial .( CGE L )
stood
在花园里有一个日晷仪。
2. In th e gard en la y
Joan
his f ather
the ol d la d y
( fast asleep ) .( CG E L )
花园中躺着琼/ 他的父亲/ 老太太(在熟睡)。
3. In th e doorwa y stood m y brother .
门口站着我的哥哥。
4. Und er a tree was sitting one o f th e bigg est men I hav e ever seen .( PE U )
树下坐着一个我所见到过的最大个儿的男人。
5. O n th e b ed la y a beauti f ul young girl . ( PE U )
標籤:
adverbial phrase
allow for sth
allow for sth
— phrasal verb with allow /əˈlaʊ/ verb2014年6月12日 星期四
in the view of ...認為
Furthermore, in the view of the Advisory Committee, greater attention should be given to cooperation and collaboration with [...]
此外咨询 委员会认为,应更多地注意与联合 国各机构、基金和方案的合作和协 作,包括进行可能的分摊成本安排,以及利用各会员国提供的自愿支 助。
此外咨询 委员会认为,应更多地注意与联合 国各机构、基金和方案的合作和协 作,包括进行可能的分摊成本安排,以及利用各会员国提供的自愿支 助。
prima facie
/ˌpraɪ.məˈfeɪ.ʃi/
at first sight (= based on what seems to be the truth when first seen or heard)
prima facie evidence.
Frankly speaking, our decision to assist a victim is always based on prima facie evidence.
其實,我們都是基 於認為苦主的表面證據成 立才提出協助。
at first sight (= based on what seems to be the truth when first seen or heard)
初步認定的;建立在初次印象上的
There is prima facie evidence that he was involved in the fraud.
有初步證據證明他參與了這場騙局。
For millions of Americans witnessing the event, it was a prima facie case of policebrutality.
對於目睹了這宗事件的數百萬美國人來說,乍看這是一宗員警施暴案件。
prima facie evidence.
Frankly speaking, our decision to assist a victim is always based on prima facie evidence.
其實,我們都是基 於認為苦主的表面證據成 立才提出協助。
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adjective形容詞
in accordance with
The plug must be plugged into an outlet that is properly installed and grounded in accordance with all local codes and ordinances.
必须将该插头插入按照当地规定和要求正确安装并接地的电 源插座上。
必须将该插头插入按照当地规定和要求正确安装并接地的电 源插座上。
令...出現
put ...in place or
put in place......
put in place measures to achieve equality between men and women.
并采 取措 施 实现 男女平 等。
put in place......
put in place measures to achieve equality between men and women.
并采 取措 施 实现 男女平 等。
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