in the view of ...認為

Furthermore, in the view of the Advisory Committee, greater attention should be given to cooperation and collaboration with [...]

此外咨询 委员会认为，应更多地注意与联合 国各机构、基金和方案的合作和协 作，包括进行可能的分摊成本安排，以及利用各会员国提供的自愿支 助。

唐英年玩女人點講?

可以用動詞轉名詞方法:

Tang Ying-nin is a philanderer.  (花花公子)

我們相處融洽

美日一句：

(美)
A: I heard that you and Denny had a fight about a hot girl that you guys met at a bar.
B: Don't worry. We're on good terms now. 
A: Really? That's great!
B: Yeah, because I met another hotter chick in another bar the other night.

(中)
甲：我聽說你和顛泥為了一個酒吧裡認識的辣妹吵了一架。
乙：喔，別擔心。我們和好了。
甲：真的嗎？太好了！
乙：嗯，因為我前幾天晚上在另一家酒吧認識了另一個更辣的美眉。



in/on good terms = 和平相處；和好狀態


寨主解：terms 是用來指契約的條款方面。In/on good terms 就表示雙方之間的協議良好。Hot chick 是「辣妹」的口語用法。


寨主曰：老師有教過，天底下最美麗的動作就是查字典！
請慢用：
http://tw.dictionary.yahoo.com/search?ei=UTF-8&p=terms
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/terms
http://tw.dictionary.yahoo.com/search?ei=UTF-8&p=chick
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chick
http://ordinarycool.pixnet.net/blog/post/16215864-%5B%E7%BE%8E%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%A5%5D-in-on-good-terms-%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%9B%B8%E8%99%95%EF%BC%9B%E5%92%8C%E5%A5%BD%E7%8B%80%E6%85%8B

連詞轉prepositional phrase

早之介紹過以With開頭的介詞­­­­­­詞組作子句的句子，今日再接再勵，在那詞組基礎上再教大家一種結構。先看例句：

He sat on the soft with his legs raised.

這句句子其實由兩句而來，一句是He sat on the sofa. 另一句是His legs were raised. 我們先決定主句是He sat on the sofa.然後再加with至另一句的開頭，並使它的動詞部份，按其主動或被動性，分別轉為分詞現在分詞（V-ing）或過去分詞（V-ed）。

例如：He bought his wife a gift. His wife did not expect it.

轉化為：He bought his wife a gift, with his wife not expecting it.

在這句句子中，首先決定了前一句是主句，後一句便成為子句。然後在子句中，因為did not expect是主動動詞，所以改為現在分詞expecting。

功能上，子句通常有補充、解釋或說明的意義。

如果動詞是is/am/are/was/were，那轉為子句時便應改為being。例如：

There were several similarities. The most and least important factors were the same.

轉化之後：There were several similarities, with the most and least important factors being the same.

以下提供多幾個例子，建議大家不看答案自行做一次：

Sales were upward for most of the year. The profit reached a peak in December.

改為：Sales were upward for most of the year, with the profit reaching a peak in December.

It is expected that the price of one bedroom flats will rise. Accommodation for individuals is in short supply.

改為：It is expected that the price of one bedroom flats will rise, with accommodation for individuals being in short supply.

The pattern was different. Passenger numbers dropped in summer and rose in winter.

改為：The pattern was different, with passenger with passenger numbers dropping in summer and rising in winter.

XX帶來的可怕後果有好幾個.

[中文動詞:帶來>>>>>>preposition: of ]

1. There are a number of depressing /dreadful consequences of + 行為

e.g. There are a number of depressing consequences of online dating.

2. Perhaps the most serious/ detrimental /disastrous effect is...

e.g. Perhaps the most serious effect is Internet fraud.

3. Who know what (the long-term) effects will be upon + 受影響者?

e.g Who know what long-term effects will be upon children who are abused in prolonged period?

XX可解釋XX的現象.

Sentence patterns to express reasons

1. There are probably many causes/reasons for ...+現象

e.g. There are probably many reasons for the popularity of video games among teenagers.

2. +(cause)  can account for + 現象

e.g. Lack of parental care and heavy academic pressure can account for the significant growth in the number of teenage suicide. 

3. Among the most convincing reasons cited by people for the + 問題 is...

e.g. Among the most convincing reasons cited by people for the marked increase in the number of obese children is the popularity of junk food. 

首先,...

Q: You are the chairperson of the school hiking club. Recently there have been several reports of accidents that have happened to people hiking on their own in remote areas.

Write an article for your school newspaper offering advice to students on safety measures that they need to take when they should do in case of an emergency. Give your article an title.

A: [這篇答案來自pilot 參考書.]

Hiking in the picturesque countryside is beneficial to both our mind and souls. Not only can you strengthen your body and willpower, you can also refresh your ind through escaping from the hustle and bustle of the city. Yet, every rose has its thorn. Hiking may cause tragedies if people cannot get hold of the situation. Recently there have been several reports of accidents that have happened to people hiking on their own in remote areas.- getting lost, being hurt by plants, being robbed by illegal immigrants are emergencies frequently encountered by hikers. Yet, if you are adequately equipped and know exactly what to do under such emergencies, you can prevent misfortunes from happening. This article will firstly introduce to you the necessary safety measures to be taken when hiking. Being well-prepared, among all other factors, is the key to a safe trip.

To commence with, you should never go hiking alone. Having companions is more than just having somebody to talk to. You can always discuss with the others when you sense something going wrong. In case of an emergency, your pals can give you a hand. In particular, we recommend you to hike in a group of four or more.

Secondly, you should plan your route properly before you set out. While the sense of achievement of conquering a demanding route is too overwhelming to resist, you should never choose a route which exceeds your competence. Sleeping well the night before is also a means to protect yourself from exhaustion. Before leaving for your trip, you should check again if weather is suitable for hiking. If that happens to be a rainy or foggy day, putting off your trip will be a more sensible decision.

You should also equip yourself with essentials like a mobile phone, a map, a compass, sufficient food and water as well as a first-aid pack. Communication devices are especially crucial as you will need them to stay in touch with others. It is equally important to make sure that there is mobile coverage where you go hiking. You may feel the need to wear short-sleeved shirts and shorts for hiking, but what you should do is just the contrary-long sleeved shirts and trousers should be worn instead to prevent you from being scratched by prickly vegetation and get burnt by the scorching sun. They can also keep you warm even if the temperature drops suddenly. The last thing you should do before you leave your home is to inform your family about your trip. Give a brief account of where you are going and the approximate time of return. Your family can then seek help and inform the police of your whereabouts if you do not return home as scheduled.

Making precautions, pitifully, does not guarantee that emergencies would never happen. What you should do is to acquaint yourself with the skills in coping with contingencies. The first and unbeatable rule is to stay calm. A clear mind is the cornerstone of sensible decisions. You should then call 999 to seek help and give accurate information clearly. Stating where you are is of utmost importance. If there is a distance post nearby, cite its number so that the rescue team can locate you more efficiently While you are waiting for rescue, stay where you are unless your present location is particularly inappropriate, to avoid wasting your energy unnecessarily. In case you are  bleeding, try to stop it as soon as possible with the first aid kit that you bring with you. For other types of injury, especially sprain and joint dislocation, avoid unnecessary movements.

All in all, hiking is fun and you are sure to get the most out of it if you are, mentally and physically, well prepared for accepting the challenge.

English note:
1. get hold of the situation: 查字典話get hold of即是to find someone or obtain something, 我懷疑這篇文章作者用錯字.

2. emergencies : 緊急情況

3. adequately: 香港學生好鍾意用enough表示足夠, 其實英文的enough很多時用係動詞,形容詞和副詞後,例如old enough, warm enough. 我覺得更好的字係用sufficient,和adequate.

4. measures: measures作為措施, 除了用introduce(實施),也可用take作動詞.

5. to commence with: 即to begin with. 在口語, 大部分人都用start, 書面語則用begin較多. 無論口語定書面, commence都係少用的字.

6. set out :set out有幾個解釋. 呢度解「起程」.

7. competence :能力, exceed your competence即超越自己的能力.

8. ...happens to be...: 即 ...碰巧是..., 這裡即「若那天碰巧是雨天或多霧」.

9. put off= delay

10. scratched by prickly vegetation: scratch 係割傷, prickly 係多刺的, vegetation即係plants.

11. scorching sun: 即好熱的sun.

12. of utmost importance= very important

13. contingencies: 我地經常聽到咩"contingency plan", 解緊急應變計劃, 但本身呢個字解意外事件.

14. sprain : 扭傷.

侵佔知識產權很少招致刑事檢控.

reason: 

1. such activities are usually conducted anonymously and it is extremely difficult to trace  the origin of the culprit.

intellectual property rights infringement rarely resulted in criminal prosecution. 



result in 這裡譯招致

result in 中文有很多講法!參:http://www.nciku.cn/search/en/detail/result%20in/2607662]

even if the tracing is technically possible, numerous resources would have to be engaged in such attempts and it would certainly put a heavy burden on the enforcement agencies. 

2. the emergence of BitTorrent and other softwares have facilitated such activities for it expedites tremendously the sharing of huge files, such as those video and audio materials. 

This type of software offers peer to peer communication without going through a server will also help hide the identity of the perpetrator. 

3. as a final point, it is people's inclination of getting free lunch without much risk of getting caught that boosts the illegal sharing of copyrighted materials.

4. people do not regard intellectual property as real property. There is a Chinese saying that goes, "All original works to a certain degree are copies imitations of other people's works."

With this kind of concept in the Chinese mindset, no wonder people have no qualms about copying the works of others without giving them due credits.

effects:

1. jeopardize the very survival of the movie entertainment industry which they derive much pleasure. Revenues from productions will go way down because of infringement activities. Nobody will invest millions of dollars to shoot a move only to find people snatching it for free and not going to theatres or purchasing a copyrighted DVD? 

solutons:

1. stricter enforcement and punishment are absolutely necessary to combat infringement activities 

people who download the copyrighted materials are aware that it is illegal but they seldom encounter prosecution of such crimes.

Although In Hong Kong a few years ago a man was  sentenced to a maximum of four years in prison for sharing files on a BitTorent website, most people can easily get away with it.

2. updating our current laws and legislations would be the most immediate measure.

They were enacted quite some time ago and are outdated. 

For effective enforcement, loopholes need to be plugged and grey areas need to be clarified. 

3. indispensable to reinforce public education. 

The governemt should step up 加強 more awareness campaigns in the media and schools to hit home the message that infringement activities will come full circle to hurt us in the end. 

Only through education at an early age can students be inculcated with the awareness and respect for intellectual property rights. 

see more:

1. Computer HOpe: 

Is file sharing or torrents illegal or legal?http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001042.htm

2. Intellectual Property Protection

http://www.gov.hk/en/residents/communication/infosec/intproperty.htm

英文句構特徵1: 主詞受詞名詞化

首先看這句英文句子：The rapid growth of the numbers of Chinese judges in the SLW family reflects the SLW’s contribution to the development of Chines judiciary.

再看中文句子：「加入法律學院大家庭的中國法官人數的迅速增長，反映我院對中國司法界的發展所作的貢獻。」

大家覺得中文是否怪怪的？

為什麼？因為英文的一個特徵，是不屬於中文的，就是名詞化一切！

一切包括：主詞、受詞，和動詞。這篇文章先談第主詞和受詞。

中文的主詞或受詞不會侷限於名詞，可以是短句，即英文的S+V+O句構，但英文的主詞一定是名詞。所以，英文將所有即使是動作的主詞，全都名詞化，使之符合英文句子結構。

余光中有篇文章叫〈怎樣改進英式中文？──論中文的常態與變態〉。他提到：

「中文常用一件事情 (一個短句) 做主詞，英文則常用一個名詞 (或名詞片語)。『橫貫公路再度坍方，是今日的頭條新聞』，是中文的說法。『橫貫公路的再度坍方，是今日的頭條新聞』，就是英文語法的流露了。同理，『選 購書籍，只好委託你了』是中文語法。『書籍的選購，只好委託你了』卻是略帶西化。『推行國語，要靠大家努力』是自然的說法。『推行的國語，要靠大家的努 力』卻嫌冗贅。這種情形也可見於受詞。例如『他們杯葛這種風俗的繼續』，便是一句可怕的話。無論如何，『杯葛繼續』總嫌生硬。如果改成『他們反對保存這種 風俗』，就自然多了。」

余光中二十年前已指出了問題，但今日從事翻譯的人仍錯漏百出，原因都是一句，社會不重視翻譯，翻譯人員搵唔到食。

英文句構特徵3-再談名詞化

談到英文句型，我一直想推薦一本由台灣的郭岱宗博士寫的一本叫《翻譯大師教你寫出好句子》的書，因為這本書啟發了我對中英句子的分別之認識。

其實整本書的缺點是只是重覆例子和練習，卻不教人方法和原理。另外，有網友也批評了作者的一些句子錯誤。（參看：＜郭岱宗教授，你的「好句子」和我的不一樣？！-評「翻譯大師教你寫出好句子(前一百頁)」＞─http://scottiiie.blogspot.hk/2009/06/blog-post_27.html）這位仁兄相當不客氣，但他的確指出了作者在win和alert的用法上的錯。）

但即使如此，我仍然要說，作者的書雖然寫得爛，但她表達的句子轉化方法，對我們中國人在英語句子結構學習上有很大的啟發。

這個方法便是我在早前提過的「名詞化」(nominalization)。

我用這本書封面的句子來舉例：

He doesn't like to be late, which makes many people trust him.

名詞化成：His punctuality wins people's trust.

關鍵就是，將句子大部分的信息擠進主詞部分 (Nominalized sentences pack much of their information into the subject position)。

又例如：She is so beautiful that no one can compare with her, and all those who see her are deeply attracted by her.

名詞化成：Her incomparable beauty fascinates everyone.

大家可留意到，原句就是有很重中文味道的句構，而名詞化了的句子則是地道自然的英文句構，而且很正式(formal)。

其實正如我之前提過的，英語句子名詞化的不單是主詞，還有受詞部分，例如：The police investigated the matter. 轉化成：The police conducted an investigation into the matter. 其中，investigate這動詞被弱化成conduct，而主要信息則包含在受詞investigation中。

郭博士這本書還是值得參考！

英文作文就是詞性轉換1:中文動詞轉英文名詞

英語之所以名詞化，是因為英文比中文用少很多動詞。英文句子的謂語，即動詞部份應佔句子結構一少部分的。因為中文用太多動詞，因此用英文作句時要刻意提醒自己名詞化本身中文用動詞的部分。當然中文動詞名詞化只是減少動詞的一種手段，另外其實也會用動名詞、介詞、不定詞、分詞等代替動詞，以減少英文句子的動詞。因此，才有我早前一篇寫的，所謂高分英文作文要有的五種句型：倒裝、分詞、關係子句、介詞詞組、和同位語，目的終歸也是減少英文的動詞。

因此當我們做英文作文時，在腦中要不斷轉換詞性。由於我們是中國人，擁有中國思維，句子的組成難免是中文的。為寫出真正的英文句子，必須要不斷做詞性轉換。

如這個部落所言：「按照英语句法，每个句子中只能有一个谓语动词（包括并列谓语动词的情况），因此动词名词化和动名词的使用是很普遍的。而在汉语中就没有一个句子中只能使用一个动词的限制，因此在汉语中动词出现的频率要高于英语。」（http://www.yingyudaxue.com/book/transferring-translate）

其實名詞化只是詞性轉換的一種，最常見是中文動詞轉英文名詞，即「你必須好好地照顧病人」譯為: You must take good care of the patients. 中文的名詞「照顧」轉換為英文名詞”care”；而中文副詞「好好地」，變成形容詞”good”。

又如：「絶對不許違反這些原則」可翻為：No violation of these principles can be tolerated.

林則徐認為，要成功地禁止鴉片買賣，就得首先把鴉片焚燬。翻譯是：Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of opium trade must be preceded by the destruction of opium.

发言人相继表示要打倒帝国主义，消灭人剥削人的制度，解放全世界被压迫的人民。譯成英文是：One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world.

英文作文就是詞性轉換2: 中文形容詞轉英文名詞

除了將中文的動詞改為英文的名詞外，還有將中文形容詞轉英文名詞。例子：「思想交流是十分必要的」譯為中文變成：Exchange of ideas is a vital necessity. 形容詞「必要的」變成英文名詞a vital necessity.

「我們覺得解決這問題並不難」，翻譯是：We found no difficulty in solving this problem. 中文原句的形容詞「難」譯為英文的名詞difficulty.

另外，中文副詞也可轉換為英文的名詞，如「共產黨員應該吃苦在前，享受在後」可譯為： Communists should be the first to bear hardship and the last to enjoy comforts. 中文的在前和在後是副詞，譯成英文變名詞。

又例如：「我們的演出很成功」是Our performance was a success。

我為當警察的妹妹感到驕傲，譯成I take pride in my sister who is a policeman。中文的驕傲是形容詞，轉換成英文pride。

「卡埃塔独裁统治被推翻，再一次证明进行殖民战争是枉费心机」譯成The overthrow of the Caetano dictatorship has demonstrated again the futility of the colonial wars.

參考：http://www.translations.com.tw/TranslationNews/Art-161.html

英文作文就是詞性轉換3: 中文動詞變英文介詞

因為英語句子旳動詞要最少化，所以不能將中文的動詞全譯作英文的動詞，而除了名詞外，介詞也是一種避免英文動詞過多的方法。

例子：我們全體贊成他的建議。譯出來是：We were all in favor  of his suggestion.

又或：這個問題正在研究，譯成：The problem is under consideration. 

英文作文就是詞性轉換4-中文名詞轉英文動詞

雖然英文的動詞要最少化，要將中文的動詞轉作英文的名詞，但有趣的是，有時中文的名詞卻要轉為英文的動詞。

例子：梁振英的演講給觀察的印象很深。

若直譯，會是：The impression of CY Leung’s speech to the audience was very deep.

這句英文是中式英文。

應該這樣譯：CY Leung’s speech impressed the audience deeply.

中文的名詞印象，轉作英文的動詞impress。

另一個例子：無線電視台的節目的特點是反智。

直譯是：The feature of TVB programmes is its stupidity. 這句英文不是錯，但也可以這樣譯：TVB programmes are characterized by its stupidity.　雖然英文句子是名字比較多，但不代表動詞完全不重要；比起is, is characterized 是更有力的動詞。

還有這句：劉德華在戲中佔了重要的角色。

英文是：Andy Lau figures prominently in the movie. 比起Andy Lau has an important role in the movie中的has，當然figure是更好的動詞，加上prominently更成習慣語。

翻譯大師教你寫出好句子: 其實即係轉詞性

早前看了本書,教寫英文.作者係台灣從事翻譯工作的教授.她整本書都係例句,示範英文應怎樣寫. 我睇過覺得幾有啟發性.

第一章,佢用左5句作為示範,從中我們可以看出, 英文係幾咁婉轉.若用中文方式去寫英文,即使文法?, style也不好. 因為中文表達的意思很白, 若用英文去講, 有多一種修飾.

大家可以試下翻譯以下這5句, 再看看作者的答案:

1. 他感到很失望, 所以他一個字都不說.

2. 不管你的心情如何, 你就是不能偷懶!

3. 他雖然窮得不得了, 但是他對自己仍是充滿信心.

4. 她辛苦工作了二十年後, 終於買下了第一個房子.

5. 我一向如此, 而且以後也不改變!

大部分中國學生會這樣用英文寫這幾句:

1. He feels very disappointed, so he does not say a word.

2. No matter how you feel, you can't be lazy.

3. Even though he is terrribly poor, he is still confident in himself.

4. After she has worked very hard for 20 years, she finally bought her first apartment.

5. I am always like this, and I won't change, either.

係咪好熟口熟面呢?因為我們大多數香港人也是這樣寫英文. 看看教授如何寫正確的英文:

1. Disappointedly, he remains speechless. (動詞轉副詞, 動詞轉形容詞)

2. Your state of mind can't justisfy your laziness. (動詞轉名詞, 形容詞變名詞,兩句用動詞合成一句)

3. His extreme poverty doesn't deprive of his self-esteem. (形容詞轉名詞x2, 兩句用動詞合成一句, 正說變反說)

4. Twenty years' hard work was rewarded with her first apartment.(動詞變名詞x2, 兩句用動詞合成一句)

5. I will be what I have been.(兩句用動詞合成一句)

继承

in succession to 继承

Inheriting or elected to the place of:he was elevated to the Lords in succession to his father

洞察

gain insight into

感謝

express thanks to

重要

Of equal importance

恕我冒昧

介詞詞組49-With all due respect