Dean Professor or Dean and Professor

http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/180501/dean-professor-or-dean-and-professor?noredirect=1#comment374650_180501

If someone, called John, for example, has two titles that include Dean and Professor, which of the following expressions is better?

1. Dean Professor John visits Oxford University.
2. Dean and Professor John visits Oxford University.

best answer: 

Use one or the other. In English, we do not say "Herr Dekan Professor Doktor Johann", like they do in German. I would suggest using whichever capacity is related to his visit. –  Peter Shor 12 hours ago

Appositive＝同位語

copied: http://englishwizard.mysinablog.com/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=1933420


1.          Appositive＝同位語

2.          An appositive is a noun (or a noun phrase or noun clause) which follows a noun (or a pronoun or noun phrase or noun clause) and describes it. （簡單說，同位語就是在一個名詞之後的名詞，後一個名詞用來說明前一個名詞。不過，上文的「名詞」可以是noun也可以是noun phrase或noun clause，見英文解釋。）

3.          A simple appositive is an epithet（綽號） like Alexander the Great. （the Great 是Alexander的同位語。）

4.          Appositives are often set off by commas from their antecedents. （通常用comma將同位語和前述語分開。）

5.          說B是A的同位語→B is in apposition with A.

6.          請看以下例子：

 l   MaoTai Wine (茅台酒), a powerful Chinese drink

l   We visited the home of William Shakespeare, (the) author of Romeo and Juliet. （the可用亦可省略）
(The italicized portion is the appositive.)

l   My manager, （the）supervisor of the entire accounting function, can’t add or subtract. （我的經理身為會計部主管卻連加減數都不懂。題外話，你可以做個實驗，同位語和他的前述詞一定可以用be改寫，例如這句可以My manager is the supervisor of the entire accounting function but he can’t add or subtract.）

l   He has expressed his position on alcohol, total abstinence, to the entire staff. （他已向全體員工表明對酒的立場：完全戒飲。）

l   The systems engineer, Tony Cheung, explained everything to the customer with enough jargon to justify our billing.　（系統工稅師Tony Cheung用很多外人不明白的行內術語來向客戶解釋，藉此證明賬單的錢收得有理。）廣義而言

l   在the idea that the government would change its policy，that-clause 裡that以後的字和idea也可看作有同位關係。

l   在the city of Hong Kong，the disgrace of losing the contest和the honour of winning the contest裡，of-phrase 裡of以後的字與前述詞也可看作有同位關係：即Hong Kong is in apposition with the city. Losing the contest is in apposition with the honour

Appositive § Appositive

什麼是同位語 Appositive？

通常放在名詞或代名詞後面，用來對該名詞或代名詞作補充說明的

單詞、短語或從句。同位語與有關的名詞或代名詞有同等的地位。 

例如：

  This man, a lawyer, lives near my house.

  We, young people, should do our duties.

  Do you betray Mr. Morgan, your bosom friend?

  I bought a dictionary, a red-covered one.

  I cannot see my grandfather again, a regretful thing.

  * "regretful thing" 是前面整個句子的同位語。

  The news, that Mr. Wilson has come to Hong Kong, is untrue.

  Let us three go together.

  * "three" 是同位語。一般為了眉目清楚，同位語與先前的名詞或代名詞

    多用逗號隔開，但有時為了語氣銜暢，則可不用逗號隔開。

  The story that he is in love with her is going round.

  * "that he is in love with her" 是同位語。若無需特別彰顯同位語的

    意思，亦可不用逗號隔開。

練習

翻譯：

1. 李先生，一位名醫，時常幫助窮人。

2. 這本書，一本英文字典，價錢太貴了。

3. 他將送給我一隻貓，黑白相間的。

4. 他不能升學，一件遺憾的事。

5. 那消息，約翰與瑪麗已結婚，是不真確的。

6. 他的話，人生如夢，是真的。

7. 他，一個懶惰的孩子，為什麼應被讚許？

8. 我用了二十元買一本書，陳先生撰寫的。

9. 約翰，湯姆的好友，是一個商人。

10. 瑪麗，我的妹妹，有一部新車。