2014年3月15日 星期六
2014年3月14日 星期五
經驗豐富的
ADJ-GRADED 富有经验的;老练的 You can use seasoned to describe a person who has a lot of experience of something. For example, a seasoned traveller is a person who has travelled a lot.
- The author is a seasoned academic...作者是一位经验丰富的学者。
- He began acting with the confidence of a seasoned performer.作为一名久经历练的表演者，他满怀自信地开始演出。
競爭
N-VAR 竞争;敌对 Rivalry is competition or fighting between people, businesses, or organizations who are in the same area or want the same things.
...the rivalry between the Inkatha and the ANC...
英卡塔自由党和非洲国民大会之间的敌对
He had a lot of rivalry with his brothers and sisters.
他和兄弟姐妹间经常较劲。
...a city torn by deep ethnic rivalries.
被深厚的种族仇恨弄得四分五裂的城市
派..出賽
13. VERB 使…出场;让…参加比赛 If a sports team fields a particular number or type of players, the players are chosen to play for the team on a particular occasion.
England intend fielding their strongest team in next month's World Youth Championship.
英格兰意欲在下月的世界青年锦标赛中推出他们的最强阵容。
14. VERB See also: coalfield; minefield; playing field; snowfield; 让…参加竞选;让…作竞选候选人 If a candidate in an election is representing a political party, you can say that the party is fielding that candidate.
There are signs that the new party aims to field candidates in elections scheduled for February next year.
有迹象表明新党意欲推举候选人参加定于明年 2 月举行的选举。
種類
問：網上有討論kind（種類）一字的單複數問題，連英語國家的人似乎也無法斷言那個用法正確。以下兩句，先生認為應怎樣選擇？──（1）What kind of patents is/ are being issued?（要發的是那一種專利？）（2）These kinds of thing/ things is/ are uncommon（這些類別的事情，很不尋常）。
答：這的確是個不容易回答的問題。今天，第一句一般會寫作What kind of patent is being issued，那patent隨便一點可改為patents。至於第二句，則會寫作These kinds of things are uncommon，那things改為thing也可以。
不過，this kind of thing這個今天普遍視為正宗的寫法，古代英國文豪往往會寫作these kind of things。例如莎士比亞戲劇King Lear第二幕第二場說：These kind of knaves I know（我知道這樣的惡棍）。波普（Alexander Pope）諷世長詩The Dunciad卷前A Letter to the Publisher（致出版商）說：These sort of authors are poor（這一類作家很窮）。可見單數的kind或sort之前，可以用these、those等複數限定詞（determiner），而of之後則用複數名詞，並配複數動詞。這寫法今天往往當作「不規矩」甚至「錯誤」。所以牛津字典Oxford Wordpower Dictionary說，以下第一句可以效法，第二句則很多人會視為不正確：（1）There are many kinds of camera/ cameras on the market（市場上有很多種照相機）。（2）Those kind/ sort of dogs are really dangerous（這種狗很危險）。
http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/columnist/%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%8E/art/20140313/18654136
答：這的確是個不容易回答的問題。今天，第一句一般會寫作What kind of patent is being issued，那patent隨便一點可改為patents。至於第二句，則會寫作These kinds of things are uncommon，那things改為thing也可以。
不過，this kind of thing這個今天普遍視為正宗的寫法，古代英國文豪往往會寫作these kind of things。例如莎士比亞戲劇King Lear第二幕第二場說：These kind of knaves I know（我知道這樣的惡棍）。波普（Alexander Pope）諷世長詩The Dunciad卷前A Letter to the Publisher（致出版商）說：These sort of authors are poor（這一類作家很窮）。可見單數的kind或sort之前，可以用these、those等複數限定詞（determiner），而of之後則用複數名詞，並配複數動詞。這寫法今天往往當作「不規矩」甚至「錯誤」。所以牛津字典Oxford Wordpower Dictionary說，以下第一句可以效法，第二句則很多人會視為不正確：（1）There are many kinds of camera/ cameras on the market（市場上有很多種照相機）。（2）Those kind/ sort of dogs are really dangerous（這種狗很危險）。
http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/columnist/%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%8E/art/20140313/18654136
chancellor
問：大學向來有chancellor、vice-chancellor兩個職位，從前譯做「校監」和「校長」。但近年有把chancellor譯做「名譽校長」的，《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》就是如此。這譯法正確嗎？
答：英式大學的chancellor，向來不掌校政，是名譽性質。從前，香港大學、香港中文大學都行英制，chancellor由香港總督擔任，叫做「校監」，而負責大學行政實務的vice-chancellor則叫「校長」。當然，假如chancellor譯做「校長」，vice-chancellor譯做「副校長」，也無不可。今天，港督在大學的名譽職位，已由香港行政長官取代。
Chancellor雖說是「名譽」職位，但假如譯做「名譽校長」，則地位、權力似乎都比「校長」或vice-chancellor低，正如國民黨名譽主席連戰的權力，遠遠比不上主席馬英九。所以，「名譽校長」這翻譯，起碼和香港大專界實況不符：香港行政長官決定大學事務的權力，十倍於大學校長。
除了vice-chancellor，香港也有大學校長叫president。這是美式大學校長叫法，由香港科技大學率先使用。這些大學的president，其上依然有chancellor，那可算是「英美合璧」的用語。
from: http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/columnist/%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%8E
答：英式大學的chancellor，向來不掌校政，是名譽性質。從前，香港大學、香港中文大學都行英制，chancellor由香港總督擔任，叫做「校監」，而負責大學行政實務的vice-chancellor則叫「校長」。當然，假如chancellor譯做「校長」，vice-chancellor譯做「副校長」，也無不可。今天，港督在大學的名譽職位，已由香港行政長官取代。
Chancellor雖說是「名譽」職位，但假如譯做「名譽校長」，則地位、權力似乎都比「校長」或vice-chancellor低，正如國民黨名譽主席連戰的權力，遠遠比不上主席馬英九。所以，「名譽校長」這翻譯，起碼和香港大專界實況不符：香港行政長官決定大學事務的權力，十倍於大學校長。
除了vice-chancellor，香港也有大學校長叫president。這是美式大學校長叫法，由香港科技大學率先使用。這些大學的president，其上依然有chancellor，那可算是「英美合璧」的用語。
from: http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/columnist/%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%8E
2014年3月13日 星期四
本身
英文里 itself 和 per se 有什么区别？
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4 个回答
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反对，不会显示你的姓名
梁海，आई कन स्पीक…
Luosky、王徐阳、徐卓尔 等人赞同
尽管这两个词都可以理解为“本身”这意思，但“per se”来自拉丁语，直译为英语的话基本上是“by itself”，所以它是用作副词的。而“itself”比“per se”少一个介词，只能当同位语用。
所以才导致了二者意义和使用习惯的不一致。就像 LL 说的，“per se”一般翻译成“本质上”，而“itself”是“本身”（这样也能看出二者是差了一个介词的）。
2011-02-27 添加评论
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1
反对，不会显示你的姓名
经雷，我這麼好一人你們怎麼老罵我呢 (⊙o⊙)？
Lawrence Li 赞同
除了语法结构，这两个用法的差别并不大。我看不出用是否存在“性质”或“本质”的含义可以区分它们俩。
可以有这样一个角度：英语人在表达时喜欢引入古代或异邦语言，本身就有增加可信度和表达美感的意识，和中国人讲话掺入英语词性质是差不多的。也就是per se听着更有文化些。
2011-03-23 添加评论
赞同
2
反对，不会显示你的姓名
大Joy，Sociologist
阿pp、蔡佳tsai 赞同
确切的说，per se是拉丁语，不是英语。因此在英语书写里面是斜体。
Per se = in itself
而 itself 就是itself
相当于中文语境里“XXX事物本身的性质”的时候，一般用per se
"XXX事物本身"的时候，一般用itself
2011-02-27 添加评
2014年3月12日 星期三
為...當義工 volunteer
ADV. kindly Barbara Forrest has kindly volunteered to lead a guided walk to Bolton Abbey.
PREP. as We volunteered as witnesses. | for I volunteered for service in the Air Force.
2014年3月11日 星期二
接手(工作) undertake the task
VERB + TASK take on, take upon yourself, undertake Nobody was keen to take on such a thankless task. | approach, get to grips with, tackle How do you tackle a task like that? | carry out, do, fulfil, get on with, perform I left her to get on with the task of correcting the errors. | accomplish, complete, succeed in | cope with | fail in | allocate, assign (sb), delegate, entrust sb with, give sb, set sb She failed to complete the task that she had been set. | be charged with, be faced with, have She was charged with the important task of telling the children. | be engaged inI was engaged in the delicate task of clipping the dog's claws. | help sb with | be suited/unsuited to His thick fingers were not well suited to the task.
我.的動機乃是....
It is my intention to do...
My intention is to do...
It is not my intention to do...
I have no intention of doing... - more emphatic in its negativity than "It is not my intention to do..."
link: http://www.english-test.net/forum/ftopic26000.html
My intention is to do...
It is not my intention to do...
I have no intention of doing... - more emphatic in its negativity than "It is not my intention to do..."
link: http://www.english-test.net/forum/ftopic26000.html
2014年3月10日 星期一
2014年3月7日 星期五
影响力十分巨大
看紐約時報一篇Ellen DeGeneres的訪問，有段英文版這樣寫：
“The Ellen impact has been phenomenal,” said Esi Eggleston Bracey, general manager of CoverGirl Cosmetics. “She’s someone I would call a connector.”
中文版這樣譯：
“艾伦的影响力是现象级的，”“封面女郎”的总经理伊赛·艾格斯顿·布拉塞(Esi Eggleston)说，“她是那种我愿意称之为沟通者的人。”
現象級？甚麼字來的？
我查ICIBA字典，phenomenal中文是：
我會譯：艾伦的影响力十分巨大。
在另一處，當Ellen DeGeneres說：“I do think it should be classy,” she continued after an uncomfortable silence. “It’s the Academy Awards.你猜中文怎樣譯？
竟然這樣譯：“我不觉得颁奖礼应该是高档气派的，”一阵颇令人不舒服的沉默之后，她继续说，“那是奥斯卡颁奖礼。
意思完全相反。
真不知大陸人怎樣做翻譯的。
“The Ellen impact has been phenomenal,” said Esi Eggleston Bracey, general manager of CoverGirl Cosmetics. “She’s someone I would call a connector.”
中文版這樣譯：
“艾伦的影响力是现象级的，”“封面女郎”的总经理伊赛·艾格斯顿·布拉塞(Esi Eggleston)说，“她是那种我愿意称之为沟通者的人。”
現象級？甚麼字來的？
我查ICIBA字典，phenomenal中文是：
我會譯：艾伦的影响力十分巨大。
在另一處，當Ellen DeGeneres說：“I do think it should be classy,” she continued after an uncomfortable silence. “It’s the Academy Awards.你猜中文怎樣譯？
竟然這樣譯：“我不觉得颁奖礼应该是高档气派的，”一阵颇令人不舒服的沉默之后，她继续说，“那是奥斯卡颁奖礼。
意思完全相反。
真不知大陸人怎樣做翻譯的。
2014年3月6日 星期四
除去(某人)的XX...
rid babies of the virus that causes AIDS.
source: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/06/health/second-success-raises-hope-for-a-way-to-rid-babies-of-hiv.html?hp
source: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/06/health/second-success-raises-hope-for-a-way-to-rid-babies-of-hiv.html?hp
2014年2月27日 星期四
獲得冷淡支持
barely merits a passing nod
問：以下一句，barely merits a passing nod是不是指「難達目的」？──Due to a lack of public awareness, the mainland's campaign against smoking barely merits a passing nod。
答：Barely等於just或only（僅僅、只是），merit則是「應該得到」，例如：The proposal merits in-depth discussion（這建議值得深入討論）。Passing nod是一常見詞語，須詳細一點解釋。
Pass有「經過」、「消失」的意思，引伸其義，passing就是「一時的」或「敷衍的」，例如：（1）He probably had a passing fancy for the girl, which would not outlast his stay in Hong Kong（他大概逢場作戲般愛上這女郎，但這愛意只會維持到他離開香港的時候）。（2）I have a passing acquaintance with her（我和她可算有點交情）。此外，你還可以說a passing interest（短暫的興趣）、a passing thought（偶然的想念）等。
Nod是「點頭」，而點頭可以是打招呼或表示同意，例如：（1）He gave me a nod/ a passing nod as he passed（他經過時，跟我點點頭／跟我隨便點點頭）。（2）We passed the proposal on the nod（我們一致同意，通過這建議）。
Passing nod二字合用，可解作「敷衍式同意」，例如：The Peking regime does not give more than a passing nod to human rights（北京政權所謂支持人權，了無誠意）。讀者示下那一句是說：「大陸一般人對吸煙之害缺乏認識，因此，反吸煙運動只獲得冷淡的支持。」
link: http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/columnist/%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%8E/art/20140225/18636331
問：以下一句，barely merits a passing nod是不是指「難達目的」？──Due to a lack of public awareness, the mainland's campaign against smoking barely merits a passing nod。
答：Barely等於just或only（僅僅、只是），merit則是「應該得到」，例如：The proposal merits in-depth discussion（這建議值得深入討論）。Passing nod是一常見詞語，須詳細一點解釋。
Pass有「經過」、「消失」的意思，引伸其義，passing就是「一時的」或「敷衍的」，例如：（1）He probably had a passing fancy for the girl, which would not outlast his stay in Hong Kong（他大概逢場作戲般愛上這女郎，但這愛意只會維持到他離開香港的時候）。（2）I have a passing acquaintance with her（我和她可算有點交情）。此外，你還可以說a passing interest（短暫的興趣）、a passing thought（偶然的想念）等。
Nod是「點頭」，而點頭可以是打招呼或表示同意，例如：（1）He gave me a nod/ a passing nod as he passed（他經過時，跟我點點頭／跟我隨便點點頭）。（2）We passed the proposal on the nod（我們一致同意，通過這建議）。
Passing nod二字合用，可解作「敷衍式同意」，例如：The Peking regime does not give more than a passing nod to human rights（北京政權所謂支持人權，了無誠意）。讀者示下那一句是說：「大陸一般人對吸煙之害缺乏認識，因此，反吸煙運動只獲得冷淡的支持。」
link: http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/columnist/%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%8E/art/20140225/18636331
消防官員
問：公司有告示說，假如發現失火，就應Report to the fire marshal（向消防主任報告）。查字典，marshal是「元帥」，上述句子為甚麼用marshal一字？
答：Marshal除了指「元帥」，美式英文還用來說警官或消防長官，例如：（1）A marshal was going after the escaped prisoner（一個警官正在追捕那個越獄的囚犯）。（2）The fire marshal believed that an arsonist was responsible for the fire（消防長官相信，這場火是縱火者引起的）。讀者示下那一句，是用美式說法。英式英文會說fire officer。
link: http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/columnist/%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%8E/art/20140226/18637484
答：Marshal除了指「元帥」，美式英文還用來說警官或消防長官，例如：（1）A marshal was going after the escaped prisoner（一個警官正在追捕那個越獄的囚犯）。（2）The fire marshal believed that an arsonist was responsible for the fire（消防長官相信，這場火是縱火者引起的）。讀者示下那一句，是用美式說法。英式英文會說fire officer。
link: http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/columnist/%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%8E/art/20140226/18637484
2014年2月18日 星期二
爭議的題目
see: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/vexed
2014年2月17日 星期一
與...有關 bear great relevance to
relevance noun
ADJ. considerable, great, wider | limited, marginal | doubtful, dubious | equal | direct, immediate | continued/continuing | declining | obvious | real | possible, potential | general | particular, special | contemporary He claims that the laws are antiquated and have no contemporary relevance. | practical | political
VERB + RELEVANCE be/remain of The book is of particular relevance to student nurses. | bear, have The theory bears little relevance to practice. | lack, lose Her ideas have lost all relevance to the modern world. | ensure Constant revision of the curriculum must be undertaken to ensure its continuing relevance. | increase | see | demonstrate, establish Skim the book in order to establish its relevance to your needs. | assess, consider, examine, explore, judge | question
PREP. ~ for/to I can't see the relevance of his comment to the debate.
2014年2月13日 星期四
大使館人員, 總領事
consul 是大使館人員： an official chosen by a government to live in a foreign city, in order to take careof people from the official's own country who travel or live there, and to protect thetrade interests of that government:
consulate 是大使館。
consul general或consulate general 是總領事。
consulate 是大使館。
consul general或consulate general 是總領事。
2014年2月12日 星期三
2014年2月11日 星期二
2014年2月10日 星期一
2014年2月6日 星期四
究竟大學院校名前面應否有"the"?
究竟大學院校名前面應否有"the"?
My personal rule of thumb would be that if the school name includes an "of", use "the": The University of Minnesota, The College of St. Catherine, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, etc. (And when abbreviating one of these names, use "the" only if the "of" is present in the abbreviation: "I attend the University of California at San Diego" → "I attend UCSD"; but "I attend the University of Minnesota" → "I attend the U of M".)
But if the school name does not include an "of", and especially if its name consists of a proper noun prepended to a school type, do not use "the": Carleton College, South Dakota State University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, etc.
(Naturally, as pointed out by Shaun in his answer, there will be exceptions.)
source: http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/10020/definite-article-before-schools-colleges-and-universities
這篇也可以參考：
AnonymousMy grammar book says that we should insert "the" before the university named as "University of ~ (the name of states, towns, etc.)" (e.g. the University of Michigan), whereas any articles should not be placed before the university named as "~ University" (e.g. Harvard University).
According to this, it seems that, for example,"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies" should accompany "the," going by "the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies."
Your logic is faulty. The grammar book says to use the if the first word is University, and not to use the when the first word is not University.
Hankuk University of Foreign Studies does not contain University as the first word. Yet you wish to apply the rule as if the first word of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies were University.
Applying the rule from your grammar book should lead you to expect not to use the before Hankuk University of Foreign Studies.
I don't see anything wrong with the rule given in your grammar book, provided it is applied properly. Naturally, you will find a few exceptions, but these are not particularly numerous.
source: http://www.englishforums.com/English/ArticleUniversityNames/jkdjq/post.htm
My personal rule of thumb would be that if the school name includes an "of", use "the": The University of Minnesota, The College of St. Catherine, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, etc. (And when abbreviating one of these names, use "the" only if the "of" is present in the abbreviation: "I attend the University of California at San Diego" → "I attend UCSD"; but "I attend the University of Minnesota" → "I attend the U of M".)
But if the school name does not include an "of", and especially if its name consists of a proper noun prepended to a school type, do not use "the": Carleton College, South Dakota State University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, etc.
(Naturally, as pointed out by Shaun in his answer, there will be exceptions.)
source: http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/10020/definite-article-before-schools-colleges-and-universities
這篇也可以參考：
AnonymousMy grammar book says that we should insert "the" before the university named as "University of ~ (the name of states, towns, etc.)" (e.g. the University of Michigan), whereas any articles should not be placed before the university named as "~ University" (e.g. Harvard University).
According to this, it seems that, for example,"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies" should accompany "the," going by "the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies."
Your logic is faulty. The grammar book says to use the if the first word is University, and not to use the when the first word is not University.
Hankuk University of Foreign Studies does not contain University as the first word. Yet you wish to apply the rule as if the first word of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies were University.
Applying the rule from your grammar book should lead you to expect not to use the before Hankuk University of Foreign Studies.
I don't see anything wrong with the rule given in your grammar book, provided it is applied properly. Naturally, you will find a few exceptions, but these are not particularly numerous.
source: http://www.englishforums.com/English/ArticleUniversityNames/jkdjq/post.htm
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為...辯護
3. VERB 为…辩护；维护；声援 If you plead the case or cause of someone or something, you speak out in their support or defence.
- He appeared before the Committee to plead his case...他出现在委员会面前为自己辩护。
- He would plead the cause of Russian unity.他会公开支持俄罗斯的统一。
4. VERB 提出…为理由；把…作为借口 If you plead a particular thing as the reason for doing or not doing something, you give it as your excuse.
- Mr Burke, pleading poverty, changed his mind...伯克先生以自己穷为由改变了主意。
- Mr Giles pleads ignorance as his excuse...贾尔斯先生把不知情当作自己的借口。
- It was no defence to plead that they were only obeying orders.辩称他们只是在服从命令站不住脚。
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