Grammar: Present and past participles
[Developing skills: Grammar and usage Set B Unit 17; Set A unit 19]
Notes:
1. Participles are nouns/ adjectives/verbs before or after nouns.
e.g. the stolen money
the money stolen
the falling star
or used as adjectives/adverbs/verbs at the beginning of a sentence.
e.g. Hearing the news, he ran out of the school.
Punished by the teacher, she felt angry.
2. There are __________ kinds of participles:
a. Present participles
Present participles are ended with ______________.
e.g. interesting , boring
b. Past participles
e.g. interested, bored, fallen
3. Usage before or after nouns.
| Present participles | Past participles |
| -to describe a ________________action
e.g. People are running out of the burning building. | -to describe a ____________ action
e.g. The victims looked sadly at their burnt house. |
| -for _______________actions
e.g. The lesson is boring. | -for ____________ actions
e.g. We are bored by the lessons. |
4. Usage before or after sentences
i. When one actions happens in the middle of another
e.g. He hurt his leg while he was playing basketball.
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ii. For one of two actions which happen at the same time
e.g. He was playing computer games and listening to the radio.
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iii. When there is causal relationship between two actions
He heard the doorbell, so he ran to open the door.
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He was hit by another classmate, so he went to report to his class teacher.
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iv. We can use present prefect participle (having + ppt) to stress that the action is finished:
He brushed his teeth. He went to sleep.
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Exercise 1: fill in the blanks with present or past participles.
e.g. The police jumped to the (freeze) __frozen____ water to save the child.
1. The book is (interest) ________________.
2. My dad fell to sleep (watch) ______________ television.
3. I felt (tire) _________________ after having PE lessons.
4. That (amaze) ________________ TV series have won several awards.
5. She gave us a (welcome) _______________ smile.
Ex.2 Alex and Clare are outside the cinema. Complete their conversation using the adjectives in the box.
| Boring exciting exhausting frightening interesting tiring Bored excited exhausted frightened interested tired |
Alex: What an ________________ film! There was so much action. I loved all the car chases but I was really _________________ when the hero was killed by the bad guy. I couldn’t look!
Clare: I can’t believe you were _____________ by that film. I thought it was ________________ I was so _______ that I thought the trailer was more _________________ than the film!
Alex: That is a shame. I am of thinking of going for a coffee. Are you ___________?
Clare: Not really, thanks. I feel a bit _____________. I have had an __________________ week.
Alex: I am absolutely _____________ too. I never expected the uniform test to be so _________________.
Clare: Would you like to go to the cinema again next week? I have heard there is a really ______________ horror film on.
Alex: Sure! I love horror movies!
Ex 3: Combine the following pairs of sentences using present or past participles.
e.g. He felt tired. He took a rest.
Feeling tired, he took a rest.
1. She knew your liked the book. She bought it for you.
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2. My mother was worried about me. She called me.
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3. Mr. Lee was busy yesterday. He cancelled his appointment
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4. Wendy went to bed late last night. She felt tired today.
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5. Paul was bored with the TV programme. He turned off the TV.
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6. I found it difficult to do the job myself. I asked Tim for help.
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7. * Julie had already seen the movie. She did not want to go with us.
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