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2015年5月15日 星期五

關係子句1:從中文角度看英文的關係子句


關係子句 (relative clause)有兩種,一種是定義性,或限定(defining)關係子句,一種是非定義性,或非限定(non-defiing)關係子句。

有人譯作補充性關係子句和非補充性關係子句,我認為很好。

所謂限定,即是這關係子句是必要的,若缺乏它,它修飾的名詞(先行詞)便沒有指明,那讀者便不知道作者指哪一個。

例如,若說:My sister who is an accountant is not married. (我那做會計師的妹妹未婚。)這句句子中,my sister是先行詞,who 是關係代詞,關係子句who is an accountant是限定的,因為子句前後沒有逗號。意思是我不止一個姊妹,所以我要限定我在談及那位做會計師的妹妹。

但如果我只有一位妹,那我的句子便成為:My sister, who is an accountant, is not married翻譯出來是:我的妹妹未婚,她是一位會計師。這是非限定關係子句,在子句前後是有逗號的(若在句子最後便後接句號)。

所以,如果將英文非限定關係子句翻譯成中文,便應如英文一樣,加上逗號,顯示這句是補充的資料,非必要的資料

比較: I have a lot of friends who live in Hong Kong.(我有許多住在香港的朋友。)和I have a lot of friends, who live in Hong Kong.我有許多朋友,並且他們都住在香港。)

不過這不定。

       

..no more ...than...句式

no more...than...……一樣都不
There
 is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take any more than they can limit how much water you drink. 
他們沒有理由限制你服用多少維生素,就像他們不能限制你喝多少水一樣。

it在强调句中的使用



先看看这道题:
__________ these boys that played tricks on their teachers.
A. They were                        B. It were                        C. There were                        D. It was
【分析】此题应D。这是一个强调句型,其基本结构为:
It is+被强调部分+that(who)+其他
该句型应注意以下几点:
1. 不管被强调部分是单数还是复数,其前一律用It is / It was,而不能用They are / There were之类的。
2. 被强调部分是指人时,被强调部分后可用that / who,被强调部分指物时,被强调部分后只能用that
3. 被强调部分是指时间或地点时,被强调部分后通常用that,一般不用whenwhere之类的。
It is I who am right. 是我对。
It was you that were wrong. 是你错了。
It was in the Japan that he died. 他是死于日本。
It was yesterday that he got married. 他是昨天结婚的。
It was a computer that he bought last week. 他上个星期买的是一台电脑。
Where was it that she lived? 她是住在什么地方?
When was it that he left for Japan? 他是什么时候离开去日本的?
Who is it that teaches you English? 是谁教你们英语?.


source: http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/200907/1280.html

有被動意思的英語主動句



主要是4個動詞: need, worth, require,want

如: You hair needs cutting.

譯作:你該剪髮了。

The movie is worth watching.

譯作:這電影值得觀看。

it is adj that

2014年2月11日星期二

it v. that



It seems that

用于it seems (appears) that…句式。如:
It seems that he knows everything. 他好像什么都知道。
It appears that we may be mistaken. 看来我们可能弄错了。
但是,英语一般不说it looks that…,可改用it looks as if…。如:
It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。

it follows that…句式。

it follows that…句式。如:
He is wrong, but it does not follow thatyou are right. 他错了,但并不能由此推断你是对的。
She’s not in the office but it doesn’t necessarily follow that she’s ill. 她不在办公室并不见得就是病了。

(It is) no wonder( that) …

 (It is) no wonder( that) … 
It’s no wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day. 难怪他不饿,他整天在吃糖果。

it struck sb that...句式

it struck sb that...句式

It struck sb that…是英语中一个很有用的句式,其意为“某人突然感到(觉得)……”。句首的 it 可视为形式主语。如:
It struck me that she had come to borrow money. 我忽然想起她是来借钱的。
It struck her that she ought to make a new plan. 她突然想起她应当拟一个新计划。
It struck me that nobody was in favour of the change. 我突然感到没有人赞成这种改变。
有时也和一般现在时。如:
It strikes me Jim is a nice lad. 我觉得吉姆是一个好小伙子。
类似的还有:It occurred to him that…。如:
It suddenly occurred to him that this was an act he could never do. 他突然想到这是他绝不能做的一件事。
注意,有时用于否定句。如:
It never occurred to her to ask anyone. 她从未想到问问他人。

source: http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/200910/1417.html

It happens that...“碰巧……”

It happened that…是英语中一个很有用的句式,其意为“碰巧……”。句首的 it 可视为形式主语。如:
It happened that the ferry service was canceled. 碰巧渡船服务取消了。
It happened that her parents were both out.  有时刚好她父母会同时不在家。
It happened that the harvest was bad that year. 恰好那年收成不好。
It happened that I had driven that kind of car before. 碰巧我过去曾开过那种汽车。
It happened that I was standing next to him when he collapsed. 他倒下的时候我恰巧站在他旁边。
类似的结构还有:it chanced that如:
It chanced that the man was a doctor. 那男人碰巧是位医生。
It chanced that she was in when he called. 他打电话时碰巧她在家
It happened / chanced that she spoke fluent Swahili. 偏巧她很会说斯瓦希里语。
为加强语气,so 常与 happen / chance 连用。如:
It so happened / chanced that I’d met her a few years before. 碰巧我几年前见过她。

2014年1月26日星期日


It occurred to sb that ...

本單元的提供同學表達「突然暸解」「突然領悟」的各種表達方式。
It occurs to me that…
occur 為「發生」之意,occur to則是「使想起」「在心中出現」的意思。
e.g. It never occurred to me that my friends spoke ill behind my back.
我怎麼也沒想到我的朋友會在背後說我的壞話。
e.g. Crossing the park, I noticed that the tree leaves were turning gold. It occurred to me that the autumn has come.
當我走過公園,我注意到樹葉已經變成金黃色。我突然明白原來已經秋天了。
e.g. It did not occur to her that his kind gesture could be taken as a flattering act.
她沒有想到她表示善意卻被當成拍馬屁。
It crosses my mind that…
e.g. When I was playing the piano last night, it crossed my mind that piano is my lifelong passion.
昨晚當我在彈鋼琴時,突然間我暸解,鋼琴是我終生的熱愛。
e.g. An idea crossed my mind that I might as well pay a visit to my elementary school teachers; they would be very delighted to see me.
我突然想到,我應當多去探訪小學老師,他們見到我應該會很高興。
e.g. An old friend crossed my mind several times today, so I decided to give him a phone call.

2014年1月3日星期五


It dawned on me that...

When the day dawns, it happens slowly, --as darkness disappears and sunlight slowly pervades all around. 
In the same way, when the meaning of some statement or some truth slowly becomes clear to you, you may say, "Then it dawned on me... that she was not my freind, she was cheating me, I am actually being tricked, !" etc.