(from: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/19/arts/television/ellen-degeneres-tv-and-twitter-hit-ready-to-host-oscars.html?action=click&module=Search®ion=searchResults%230&version=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fsearch%2Fsitesearch%2F%3Faction%3Dclick%26region%3DMasthead%26pgtype%3DHomepage%26module%3DSearchSubmit%26contentCollection%3DHomepage%26t%3Dqry321%23%2Fellen&_r=0)
2014年4月8日 星期二
如果有的話
And by that standard, Ms. DeGeneres has few, if any, equals.
(from: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/19/arts/television/ellen-degeneres-tv-and-twitter-hit-ready-to-host-oscars.html?action=click&module=Search®ion=searchResults%230&version=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fsearch%2Fsitesearch%2F%3Faction%3Dclick%26region%3DMasthead%26pgtype%3DHomepage%26module%3DSearchSubmit%26contentCollection%3DHomepage%26t%3Dqry321%23%2Fellen&_r=0)
(from: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/19/arts/television/ellen-degeneres-tv-and-twitter-hit-ready-to-host-oscars.html?action=click&module=Search®ion=searchResults%230&version=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fsearch%2Fsitesearch%2F%3Faction%3Dclick%26region%3DMasthead%26pgtype%3DHomepage%26module%3DSearchSubmit%26contentCollection%3DHomepage%26t%3Dqry321%23%2Fellen&_r=0)
2014年4月3日 星期四
正如之前所說
As spoken其實是As it was spoken的省略,在英文裏,在一些的連詞下的子句,其主詞it和be(或它的變化形)都可省略,就如:if possible(可以的話)就其實就是if it is possible。
英文公函常見用 As spoke或 As spoken開頭,表示「正如以前說過」,例如: As spoke/ spoken, I would like to seek your approval of the project(今謹如所言,奉函請台端批准計劃)。這兩個說法都正確嗎?
As spoke文法上不正確。 As之後可以用過去分詞( past participle),卻不可用過去式動詞,例如: She was late, as expected(她一如所料,遲到了)。香港英文公函往往錯漏百出,不宜隨便仿效。
As spoken文法上沒有錯,但不如說 As discussed(正如我們說過)、 As agreed(正如我們議定),例如: As discussed in our telephone conversation of4 April, I would like to seek your approval of the project(四月四日電話承教。今謹奉函請台端批准計劃)。
有些人還會用 We spoke作公函的開端。這文法上當然也沒有錯,但還是不如 as discussed等說法自然。
link: http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/columnist/art/20040413/3977947
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古德明以上的說法我不認同,他說as在as spoken中是連接詞,但正如我在http://hongkongvocab.blogspot.hk/2014/05/as_7.html提過, as spoken也可解as was spoken.
古德明以上的說法我不認同,他說as在as spoken中是連接詞,但正如我在http://hongkongvocab.blogspot.hk/2014/05/as_7.html提過, as spoken也可解as was spoken.
標籤:
省略句的譯法,
connective 連接詞,
pronoun
2014年4月2日 星期三
英文省略句
中文句子一個特色,就是其經常缺主詞或受詞,例如:「不在沉默中爆发,就在沉默中滅亡」譯為英文時,需要補上主詞,Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence。
但英文是否一定有主語呢?很多人會立即出祈使句的例子,如Keep Silent,Thank you等。但除此以外,其實在對話中,英文常常都是不完整句子,或正確點說,是省略句子,可省的部份包括主詞、受詞、及謂語:
第一,省略主詞:Want a cigarette? (要煙嗎?)省略了Do you。
第二,省略受詞。問:Do you know where he is? 答: NO, I don’t know.省略了受詞where he is。
第三,省略動詞。問:Tired? (疲倦嗎?) 省略了Are you。
不過,始終除口語外,大部份情況英文也是要有主詞的,這是因為「英语是主语显著语(subject-prominent language),句子都构建在主谓轴(subject-predicate pivot)上,因而主语在句子中不可或缺;而汉语是语义性语言,其主语的重要性相对较低,无主语的现象比比皆是」。(參:英语翻译十大原则http://www.joyen.net/article/other/1/201010/3427.html )
(筆者註:大陸稱主詞為主語,受詞為賓語,我本人愛用台灣的文法叫法。)
如果老師說你的英文結構不完整,你說你在寫對話好了!
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