2013年12月28日 星期六
2013年12月27日 星期五
2013年12月22日 星期日
為...感到驕傲 take pride in
pride noun
1 feeling of being proud of sb/sth
ADJ. fierce, great
VERB + PRIDE feel, have, swell with They have a fierce pride in their traditions. He swelled with pride as he held the trophy. | express
PREP. with ~ I wear my policeman's uniform with pride. ‘My daughter's a writer,’ he added with pride. | ~ in She expressed pride in her child's achievement.
PHRASES a cause/matter for pride Their reputation for fairness is a matter for pride. | a source of pride, take (a) pride in sth She takes great pride in her work.
2 self-respect
ADJ. great | civic, family, local, national, personal, professional | dented, hurt, injured, wounded He was nursing his hurt pride. | foolish, stubborn It was foolish pride that prevented me from believing her.
VERB + PRIDE have I don't want your money?I have my pride, you know! | hurt I didn't mean to hurt your pride. | restore, salvage We want to restore pride in our public services. They managed to salvage some pride with a late goal. | swallow She swallowed her pride and phoned him.
PREP. out of ~ She refused their help out of pride. | through ~ It would be stupid to refuse through pride.
PHRASES a matter of pride It is a matter of pride for him that he has never accepted money from his family. | a sense of pride They have a strong sense of pride in their work. | with your pride intact She refused his offer tactfully, allowing him to go away with his pride intact.
產生威脅 pose a threat to
threat noun
1 expression of intention to do harm/punish
ADJ. dire, terrible Despite dire threats of violence from extremist groups, the protest passed off peacefully. | empty, idle The kids took no notice of the teacher's idle threats. | implied, veiled The company's pay offer was accompanied by thinly-veiled threats of redundancies if it was rejected. | explicit | physical, violent | verbal | bomb, death, suicide
VERB + THREAT issue, make, utter | receive | carry out It's unwise to make threats that you cannot carry out. | lift, withdraw Teachers have lifted their threat of strike action. | reduce | give in to The government refused to give in to the hijackers' threats.
PREP. ~ against The accused made death threats against a notable politician.
2 possible danger
ADJ. big, considerable, dangerous, deadly, grave, great, major, real, serious, significant | main | growing, increasing | constant, continual, continuous, ever-present, permanent | renewed The national park is under renewed threat from road-building schemes. | direct, immediate, imminent The opposition presents no immediate threat to the government. | insidious | long-term, short-term | potential | apparent, perceived | external The government was faced with internal rebellion as well as external threats. | physical | political | environmental | military, nuclear, terrorist
VERB + THREAT be, pose, present, represent the environmental threat posed by oil spillages | consider sth (as), perceive sth as, regard sth as, see sth as, view sth as Translators do not yet perceive computers as a threat to their livelihood. | face, meet
PREP. under ~ Many wild plants are under threat of extinction. | ~ from the threat from overfishing | ~ of a threat of violence | ~ to The junta reacted violently to the perceived threat to its authority.
2013年12月21日 星期六
努力 make effort in
effort noun
1 physical/mental energy needed to do sth
ADJ. considerable | hard It took a whole day of hard effort to knock down the wall. | constant, sustained | extra | physical | intellectual, mental
QUANT. amount the amount of effort required
VERB + EFFORT demand, need, require, take It takes constant effort to become fluent in a language. | devote, expend, put in All the team members have put in a great deal of effort. | spare no No effort has been spared to make this hotel a welcoming, comfortable place. | be (well) worthThe walk is difficult but well worth the effort.
EFFORT + VERB go into A lot of effort went into making the costumes.
PREP. with/without ~ This can be done quickly and with very little effort.
PHRASES a great deal of effort
2 attempt to do sth
ADJ. all-out, big, brave, determined, enormous, great, herculean, heroic, huge, major, remarkable, special, strenuous, superhuman, tremendous, valiant I can see you have made a big effort to clean up. | desperate, frantic their frantic efforts to put out the fire | final, last, last-ditch The UN General Secretary flew in in a last-ditch effort to save the talks. | genuine, positive, real, serious | feeble She made a feeble effort to smile, then started crying again. | sporadic I make sporadic efforts to sort out my files. | successful | fruitless, futile, unsuccessful | collaborative, collective, concerted, cooperative, joint, team Students, teachers and families got together in a team effort to decorate the school. | conscious, deliberate I have to make a conscious effort to be polite so early in the morning. | voluntary The museum relies on the voluntary efforts of enthusiasts. | fund-raising
VERB + EFFORT make | increase, intensify, redouble, renew, step up The police have renewed their efforts to find the murderer. | channel, concentrate, focus The police channelled their efforts into searching around the river. | fail in He failed in h | resist The wound resisted all my efforts to stop it bleeding. | abandon | be rewarded for, reward Her efforts were rewarded when she won an Oscar. | applaud The gallery owner applauded the efforts of firefighters to save the exhibits.
EFFORT + VERB come to nothing, fail
PREP. in an/your ~ The club has changed the rules in an effort to make them fairer. | through sb's ~ Through their efforts, enough money was raised to buy the equipment.
PHRASES your best efforts Despite our best efforts, we didn't manage to win the match. | a reward for your efforts Second prize was a fair reward for his efforts. | make every effort We are making every effort to obtain the release of the hostages.
找出...解決辦法 find a solution to
solution noun
1 to a problem, difficult situation, etc.
ADJ. complete, comprehensive | partial | effective, good, happy, ideal, neat, optimal, perfect, real His plan does not offer a real solution to the problem. | acceptable | satisfactory, workable | correct, right | easy, obvious, simple | possible | feasible, practical, realistic, viable | cost-effective | creative, imaginative, ingenious | drastic, radical | early, immediate, instant, quick, speedy The UN representative stressed the urgency of an early solution. | final, lasting, long-term, permanent, ultimate | interim, short-term, temporary | proposed | pragmatic | compromise, negotiated | diplomatic, peaceful, political | military | technical
VERB + SOLUTION look for, seek, work towards | achieve, agree (on), arrive at, come up with, find, produce, reach, work out attempts to find a comprehensive political solution to the crisis | propose, put forward, suggest | adopt | offer, provide
PREP. ~ for a quick solution for dealing with the paper shortage | ~ to They were seeking an ultimate solution to the city's traffic problem.
2 liquid in which a solid has been dissolved
ADJ. concentrated, neat, strong | dilute, weak | saturated | acid | alkaline | aqueous | saline, salt | bicarbonate, sodium chloride, etc.
SOLUTION + VERB contain
PREP. in ~ aluminium ions in solution
採取..措施 adopt a approach to
approach noun
1 way of dealing with sb/sth
ADJ. conventional, orthodox, traditional | alternative, different, fresh, new, novel We need to try alternative approaches to the problem. | cautious, conservative | creative, innovative | flexible | direct, no-nonsense, positive, practical, pragmatic, problem-solving, rational, useful | indirect | formal | informal | right | wrong | analytical, scientific, structured, systematic, theoretical | holistic, integrated | basic, general | objective | simplistic
VERB + APPROACH have Some teachers have a more formal approach to teaching. | adopt, develop, take, try, use We need to adopt a more pragmatic approach. | favour, prefer She favoured the direct approach.
PREP. ~ to I liked her approach to the problem
2 act of coming nearer
VERB + APPROACH make The aircraft had to make a steep approach to the landing strip.
PREP. at the ~ of The children fell silent at the approach of their teacher. | with the ~ of The weather turned colder with the approach of autumn. | ~ to The plane crashed during its approach to the runway.
3 discussion with sb in order to ask them for sth
VERB + APPROACH make | have, receive
PREP. ~ from We've received an approach from the director of a rival firm. | ~ to We'll have to make an approach to the managing director.
解釋
reason noun
1 cause/motive/justification; explanation of sth
ADJ. cogent, good, sound, strong | compelling, convincing | plausible | adequate, sufficient | bona fide, legitimate, valid | wrong He married her for all the wrong reasons. | opposite Tom's problem was that he lacked confidence; Ed failed for precisely the opposite reason. | important | special | chief, main, major, primary, principal | only, simple, sole The only reason I didn't become a professional golfer was because of my family commitments. I was never good at playing the trumpet for the simple reason that I never practised. | real, underlying She did not tell him the real reason for her change of heart. The underlying reasons for these differences will be explored in depth in the next chapter. | very There is an assumption that a state will protect its citizens. That is the very reason for the existence of states. | apparent, particular He was attacked for no apparent reason. | no earthly, (no) possible Surely there is no earthly reason why you wouldn't want to come with us? | clear, obvious The reasons for her decision soon became clear. | unclear | logical | understandable | justifiable | inexplicable, unexplained, unknown For some unexplained reason the pilot jettisoned all his fuel shortly after take-off. | unspecified | unconnected dismissal for reasons unconnected with redundancy | personal | sentimental | selfish | professional | commercial, economic, financial, legal, political, social, technical | practical, pragmatic | security | health | humanitarian
VERB + REASON be aware of, see We see no reason why this band shouldn't be a huge success. | have I don't know why he did that, but I'm sure he had his reasons. I have no reason to believe that she was lying to me. | cite, give (sb/sth), set out, state Give me one good reason why I should help you. In the letter she carefully set out her reasons for leaving. | cite sth as, give sth as | suggest | explain | understand | uncover
PREP. by ~ of (formal) persons in need of care by reason of (= because of) old age | for a/the ~procedures carried out for reasons of national security | for ~ of (formal) For reasons of security, you are requested to keep your luggage with you at all times. | with/without ~ They complained about the food, and with good reason (= rightly). | ~ against There are obvious reasons against such a move. | ~ behind We are trying to uncover the reasons behind her decision. | ~ for They didn't give any reason for the delay.
PHRASES all the more reason If he's unwell, that's all the more reason to go and see him. | all sorts of reasons People buy things for all sorts of reasons. | any/every/little/no/one/some reasonI know you're angry with me, and you have every reason (= very good reasons) to be. | for reasons best known to yourself For reasons best known to herself she has turned down the offer. | for whatever reason people who, for whatever reason, are unable to support themselves | a number/variety of reasons, rhyme or reason There's no rhyme or reason (= logic) to the new opening hours.
2 power to think logically; what is possible/right
ADJ. human
VERB + REASON lose He seems to have lost all sense and reason. | be open to, listen to, see I tried to persuade her, but she just wouldn't listen to reason.
PREP. beyond ~ He was beyond all reason. | within ~ I'll lend you the money you need?within reason, of course!
PHRASES an appeal to reason The residents hope that an appeal to reason (= asking the rioters to be reasonable) will end the rioting. | it stands to reason It stands to reason (= it is logical) that she wouldn't want them to find out about her personal problems. | the voice of reason She was always the voice of reason, persuading him not to buy things they couldn't afford.
調查
investigation noun
ADJ. careful, close, detailed | extensive The authorities conducted an extensive investigation into his tax affairs. | full, thorough | criminal, murder, police | scientific | government
VERB + INVESTIGATION carry out, conduct, pursue Police are still pursuing their investigations. | launch | head, lead | complete
INVESTIGATION + VERB reveal sth, show sth Closer investigation showed this idea to be untenable.
PREP. on ~ On investigation, the noise turned out to be only a door banging. | under ~ The singer is currently under investigation for possessing illegal drugs. | ~ into Police have launched an investigation into the allegations.
PHRASES the subject of an investigation The matter is the subject of a police investigation, and we have been advised not to comment.
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