Stress on word level

Stress on word level

e.g diplomat /ˈdɪp.lə.mæt/ 1^st stress

diplomacy /dɪˈpləʊ.mə.si/ 2^nd stress

   diplomatic /ˌdɪp.ləˈmæt.ɪk/ 3^rd stress

uk and us sounds

UK and US sound

   Staff:  /stɑːf/ /stæf/

Synonyms of "and

 Synonyms of "and

a.        also

b.        moreover

c.        Furthermore

d.        In addition [to]

e.        Besides

f.          not to mention

g.        On top of which/that

h.        as well as

i.           let alone [without considering] (e.g. There is not enough room for us, let alone our cats and dogs. )

j. coupled with

phrasal verbs

Original verbs	Phrasal verbs	Chinese	Example
Demand	Call for	要求	Obama called for disbarment.
to become so excited about something that you do not control what you say or do	be/get carried away
start a topic	bring up (a subject)
to ask someone in a formal way to do something	call on
smoke	puff away/light up
to push or send away an attacker or other unwanted person	fend sb off
to start to do or use something bad, especially because you are unhappy	turn to
to prevent someone or something unpleasant from harming you	keep sth at bay
to accept that a difficult situation exists	face up to		She's going to have to face up to the fact that he's not going to marry her.
If a feeling or the effect of something wears off, it gradually disappears	wear off
	do without		There's no mayonnaise left, so I'm afraid you'll just have to do without.
to watch or listen to a particular television or radio programme or station	tune in
	single out	點名批評	The director has singled out the people who deserved criticism.

high-level adverbs

Common adverbs	High-level adverbs	Example
	Exactly the same	Verbatim	Text copied verbatim should not be considered.
	totally/competely	altogether	She has not  ruled out

example of indirectness in English

display a lack of understanding vs does not understand

eg, Alan Lai Nin has singled out departments which displayed a lack of understanding of the code and proper staff training to fulfil their obligations.

tone: more indirect

high-level nouns

Chinese	Common noun	High-level nouns
	Rich-poor gap	Wealth divide
	high pay and good benefits	high pay and perks

high-level adjectives

	Low-level	High-level
富裕	Rich	Affluent/prosperous
奢侈	Luxurious	Extravagent
嚴重	Serious	Rampant
爭議性的	Controversial	Disputed
緊急的	Urgent	pressing
政治冷漠的	indifferent to politics	apolitical
變化的的	varied	versatile
有需要的	necessary	indispensable
有害的	harmful	detrimental
	likely to ...	prone to
	likely to be affected	vulnerable	Some women are highly vulnerable to the advertisements promoting plastic surgery.
	allowed	permissible

Synonyms

celebrity= personality

charity= foundation 

to talk or write about a subject in detail= discuss

to watch or listen to a particular television or radio programme or station = tune in 

choice= pick

predate=exist before 

deny= refuse