I climbed Mt. Everest

The difference between locative DO and prepositional phrases:

I climbed Mt. Everest. (DO)
I climbed up Mt. Everest. (adverb>adjunct of direction)

What makes locative DO interesting is that they express a quality of completeness which is lacking in the prepositional phrases.

Around the corner came Nell.

Here comes trouble!

There goes the most obnoxious employee in the office. 


Locative inversion often has an exclamatory character.


Adverbs of direction seem more amenable [willing to accept or be influenced by a suggestion:] to locative inversion than adverbs of place.

Around the corner came Nell. 

*On the table danced Nell.

They climbed up the mountain. vs They climbed the mountain.

There is often a subtle difference in meaning between locative prepositional phrases and simple NPs, which have a locative meaning.

eg. They climbed up the mountain. vs They climbed the mountain.

The second sentence communicates the notion that this path has been completely traversed, while the first sentence contains an adverb of direction, which describes some sort of path.

My brother fell downstairs

Many single-word adverbs and some prepositional phrases can function as both adverbs of place and adverbs of direction.

Jared is ahead/ Jared ran ahead.

Camille is downstairs./ Camille walked downstairs.

The kids are outside./ They kids have gone outside.

注:[adverbial or predicative (subject complement) ( 状语还是表语?)

【问】 He h as bee n in the ga r den .
Th e ma n was in th e corner .
句中的in the ga rde n 和in th e corn e r 究竟是表语( 主语补语) , 还是状语? 这是我在
教学中常常遇到的一个难题。请分析。

【答】 语法学家们对于这类句子的分析是不一致的。有些语法学家把in t he g a rden 分析
为表语( 主语补语) , 另一些语法学家则把它们分析为状语。后一派语法学家论证说, be
在这里不是连系动词, 而是表示存在的动词, 另外, in th e g ard en 回答wh er e 的问题。本
书编著者同意后一说法。( 参见be1 )]

在 My brother fell downstairs中 , downstairs 是adverb of place還是adverb of direction? 這產生了歧義..

adverbs of direction

In adverbs of direction, English speakers sometimes omit the object of a preposition if it is obvious from the discourse context.

e.g. The train comes through town at midnight.

 Walk around the muddy spot. 

YOu can climb up the tree by yourself.

A car drove past our house late last night.

here, there

The forms here, there, everywhere, and anywhere can function as adverbs of direction and adverbs of place.

The baby is crawling everywhere.

e.g. I will drive there tomorrow.

Here and there are often preceded by over----

e.g. I am coming over there.  (adverbs of direction)

vs

I am staying there. (adverbs of place)

Note: "over there" is the prepositional phrase, but there is an adverb.

**
adverb as prepositional complement

( 用作 介词宾 语的 副词 )
 【问】 You can just see my house from here .
h ere 在这里 是什 么词 ? 如果是 副词 , 这 是不是 说副 词可以 充当 介词的 宾语 ?

 【答】 在有限的情况下, 副词和形容词可以作介词的宾语(主要用在固定短语里):
from here, in there , over there, at once , until now , since when , at last , in brief,
before long , by far ( 参见 here1 )

**

here1
near( in )here
【问】 ( 1 ) work in a middle sc hool n ear here .[《初中英语教科书》第一册( 下) , 人民教育
出版社、朗文出版集团有限公司, 1995 , p .107 ]

( 2 ) hy ar e you in h ere ? [《高中英语教科书》( 必修) 第二册( 下) , 人民教育出版
社、朗文出版集团有限公司, 1997 , p .37]

( 3 ) nce you􊳰r e in here , list en to your t each er .[ 同上, 第一册( 上) p .5 ]

我认为句中的he r e 是个名词, 而且我对学生一直是这么讲的。而您在《英语常
见问题解答大词典》( 1998 , p .33 和p .454 ) 中却说h e re 是个副词, 这使我感到
有点儿困惑。


【答】 我国出版的英汉词典, 大都把in( nea r , from) h e re 中的h er e 看作是名词, 如《新英汉
词典》、《最新高级英汉词典》、《英汉大词典》等都是这么处理的。但是, 这种处理方法虽
然容易被学生接受, 但是有一个很大的缺点: 必须把大量没有名词语法特点的副词和形
容词, 如( from) he r e, ( ove r) the r e, ( a t ) on ce, ( sin ce )wh en , ( in) br ief , ( by ) fa r 等等视作
名词, 这显然是违背词的分类原则的, ( 它们没有复数形式, 没有所有格形式等等) , 因此,
许多英美出版的英英词典和英语语法著作( CGEL) 把上面的词仍看作是副词或形容词,
并明确提出, 副词和形容词可以作介词的宾语。例如, NODE( 1998) 对h e re 和t he r e 是这
么注释的。
here􊲣adverb . . .[ a f te r pr ep ] I􊳰m get t ing out o f here .
there􊲣adverb . . .[ a ft e r pre p] I􊳰m not going in there— it􊳰s fr eezing .
薄冰教授主编的《高级英语语法》( p .601 ) 也明确提出“ 有些表示地点、时间的副词可
以作介词的宾语, 如h er e 和the r e . . .”
下面是一些常见的副词与介词的搭配:
from he r e, in t he r e, ove r t he r e, at once , unt il now, since w he n , be for e long , by
f a r , from a broa d , from b elow

1. Ge t out of he r e . 滚出去!
2. Come o ver here ! ( CGEL) 到这边来!
3. Do you liv e near h ere ? ( 同上) 你住在附近吗?
4. H ow f a r is th e town f rom here ? 该城离这里有多远?
5. Why did you br ing t ha t dog in h ere ? 你为什么把那条狗带到这里来了?

abroad

Many one-word adverbs were originally prepositional phrases:

aboard= on board

adverbs of directions

They waded into the water.

The horses galloped across the meadow.

The baby crawled up the stairs.


...climbed over the fence.