Irregular verb

Irregular verb 

1. abide忍受 /居住, abided/abode,  abided/abode

2. arise

3. awake, awoke, awoken

4. bear,bore, borne

5. beat, beat, beaten/beat

6. become

7. begin

8. bid 出價 ,bid, bid

9. bid 吩咐 ,bade/bid , bade/bid

10. bide 等待, bode/bided, bided, bode

11. bind, bound, bound

12. bite, bit , bitten

13. bleed, bled, bled

16. bless, blessed/blest, blessed/blest

17. blow, blew, blown

18. break

19. breed, bred, bred

20. bring

21. broadcast

22. build

23. burn, burnt, burnt

24. burst

25. buy

26. cast

27. catch

28. chide 斥責, chid/chided, chid/chided/chidden

29. choose

30. cling, clung, clung

31. come

32. cost

33. creep

34. cut

35. deal, dealt, dealt

36. dig, dug, dug

37. dive, dive/dove(US), dive/dove(US)

38. do

39. draw

40. dream, dreamt/dreamed, dreamed/dreamt

41. drink

42. dwell, dwelt, dwelt

43. eat

44. fall

45. feed, fed, fed

46. feel

47. fight

48. find

49. flee, fled, fled

50. fling, flung, flung (throw)

51. fly, flew, flown

52. forbid, forbade/forfad, forbad/forbade

53. freeze, froze, frozen

54. get, got, got/gotten(US)

55. gird(to tie something around your body or part of your body ) , girded/girt, girded/girt

56. give

57. go

58. grind, ground, ground

59. grow, grew, grown

60. hang(掛起), hung, hung

     hang(吊死), hung/hanged, hung/hanged

61. have

62. hear

[63. heave重重地舉起, heaved, heaved]

64. hew 砍, hewed, hewed/hewn

65. hide, hid, hid/hidden

66. hit

67. hold

68. hurt

69. keep

70. kneel, knelt, knelt

71. knit, knit/knitted, knit/knitted

72. know

73. lay放下, laid, laid

74. lead, led, led

75. leap, leaped/leapt, leaped/leapt

76. leave

77. lend

78. let

79. lie躺下, lay, lain

     lie講大話, lied, lied

80. light, lit/lighted, lit/lighted

81. lose

82. make

83. mean, meant, meant

84. meet

85. pay

86. put

87. read

88. rid (sth of), rid/ridded, rid/ ridded

89. ride, rode, ridden

90. ring

91. rise

92. run

93. saw 鋸, sawed, sawn/sawed(US)

94. say

95. see

96. seek

97. sell

98. send

99. set

100. sew, sewed, sewn/sewed

101. shake

102. shear修剪, sheared, sheared/shorn

103. shed, shed, shed

104. shine, shone/shined, shone/shined

105. shit, shit, shit

106/ shoe, shod/shoed(US also), shod/shoed (US also)

107. shoot

108. show, showed, showed/shown

109. shrink, shrank(shrunk有些辭典), shrunk (shrunken有些辭典)

110. shut

111. sing

112. sit

113. slay(kill) , slew/slayed, slain

114. sleep

115. slide, slid, slid

116. sling ( to throw or drop something carelessly ), slung, slung

117. slink (溜走), slunk, slunk

118. slit (割成長條的), slit, slit

119. smell

120. sow, sowed, sown/sowed

121. speak

122. speed, sped/speeded, sped/speeded

123. spell, spelled/spelt, spelled/spelt

124. spend

125. spill, spilled/spilt,spilled/spilt

126. spin, spun/span(UK), spun

127. spit, spat, spat

128. split, split, split

129. spoil, spoiled/spoilt, spoiled/spoilt

130. spread

131. spring, sprang, sprung

132. stand

133. steal

134. sting刺, stung, stung

135. stink發出強烈之臭氣, stank/stunk(US), stunk

136. strew撒布, strewed, strewn/strewed

137. stride, strode, strode/stridden

138. strike, struck, struck

139. string, strung, strung

140. strive, strove/strived, stroven/strived

141. swear

142. sweep

143. swell, swelled, swollen/swelled

144. swim

145. swing, swung, swung

146. take

147. teach

148. tear

149. tell

150. think

151. throw

152. thrust

153. tread行, trod/ treaded, trodden/trod

154. wake, woke/waked, woken/waked/woke (US)

155. wear

156. weave, wove/weaved(US), woven/weaved (US)

157. wed, wedded/wed, wedded/wed

158. weep

159. wet, wet/wetted, wet/wetted

160. win

161. wind, wound, wound

162. wring扭, wrung, wrung

163. write

idioms 2

Idiom-adjectives

1. made about =crazy about

2. rolling in money =having a lot of money

3. scared to death

4. set in one's ways = A person who is set in their ways is someone who is unable or
  unwilling to change their ideas, habits or methods, often because
  they are old
5. short of

6. too good to be true= 

7. dead set against = strongly opposed to

8. far from it= certainly not

9. easier said than done eg. Keeping the cats off the sofa is easier said than done.

Idiom- adverbs

1. more often than not= most of the time

More often than not, a student will come up with the right answer.

Idiom-verbal

1. dot one's i's and cross one's t's

2. ask for trouble 自討苦吃

3. blow one's own trumpet

4. wrapped up in=Completely preoccupied by or absorbed in

5. break the ice

6. break the news: make something known

7. bring to light :Reveal or disclose something previously hidden or secret

8. not give a damn=Not care about

9. carry ... too far=to exceed the limits of...

10. caught red-handed=To be caught in the act of committing a misdemeanour, with the evidence there for all to see. 人贓並獲

11. come of age=Mature or develop fully

12. bring/ come to a head = Cause to reach a turning point or crisis

13. come to grips with = to deal with directly or firmly/to encounter; meet; cope with

14. come to terms with:to gradually accept a sad situation, often the death of someone you love

15. (no use) cry over spilt milk = (Don't) regret what cannot be undone or rectified

16. curry favour [with someone]:Seek gain or advancement by fawning or flattery拍馬屁

17. cut ...short 縮短

18. eat one's words =to admit that something one said before was wrong

19. do/perform/work miracles/wonders (for/with something) : to be very successful in producing results (for/with something)

20.  fall short of = Prove inadequate or insufficient

21. feel the pinch=to have problems with money because you are earning less than before

22. follow suit

23. get away from =Escape the consequences or blame for

24. get even with sb  =to do something equally bad to someone who has done something bad to you

25.  be/get carried away =to become so excited about something that you do not control what you say or do

26. get the better of/get the best of; have the better or best of=Become superior to or master someone or something

27. give sb a big hand 拍手

28. give sb the creeps =to cause someone to have uncomfortable feelings of nervousness or fear

29. give your word =to promise eg. He gave his word that he would marry her and she had no cause to doubt him.

 31. go Dutch

32. go to the dogs/go to  pot  =If a country or organization is going to the dogs, it is becoming very much less successful than it was in the past. or Deteriorate, decline; come to a bad end

33.  have a crush (on someone) = have strong feelings of love for someone (often for a short time and with no results)

34. get up the nerve =get enough courage

35. have no backbone=spineless, weak

36. have money to burn=have a lot of money

37. turn a blind eye to ...(eg. offenders)

38. sshow sb in their true colours /show one's true colors idiom =to show what someone's real character is, especially when it is unpleasant

40. ram sth home =to emphasize the importance of what you are saying in order to make certain people understand it eg. He thumped the desk as he rammed his point home.

 41.

Idiom-preposition

1. for your own good 為你好 

2. [left] out in the cold 被忽略

3.be at odds =to disagree eg. Her version of events was at odds with (= very different from) the police report.

words which are about connection

words which are about connection

1. correlate with

2. associate with

3. correspond to

4. accompanied by

5. complemented by

words similar /related to "damage"

words similar /related to "damage"

1. jeopardize

2. blow up:to destroy something or kill someone with a bomb

3. sustain =to suffer or experience, especially damage or loss /səˈsteɪn/

transition words: Condition

Condition

1. if

2. unless

3. provided that/providing that

4. in case of

5. as long as

6. so long as

7. on condition that

8. supposing

9. what if

vocab: comparing and contrasting

comparing and contrasting

against preposition TOUCHING

5. in front of or compared to

Paintings look best against a simple white wall.

analogy noun [ C or U ]

a comparison between things which have similar features, often used to help explain a principle or idea

He drew an analogy between the brain and a vast computer.

It is sometimes easier to illustrate an abstract concept by analogy with (= by comparing it with) something concrete.

benchmark verb [ T ]

to measure the quality of something by comparing it with something else of an accepted standard

His reports pointed out that we do not have reliability in the sense of all schools being benchmarked against the best.

benchmarking noun [ U ] 

rigorous benchmarking of research performance

The Government is planning to launch a benchmarking scheme to guide consumers.

beside preposition

2. compared to another person or thing

Those books seem rather dull beside this one.

cf. , cf formal

used in writing when you want the reader to make a comparison between the subject being discussed and something else

comparably adverb 

comparably priced tickets

comparative adjective EXAMINING DIFFERENCES

1. comparing different things

She's carrying out a comparative study of health in inner cities and rural areas.

comparatively adverb

as compared to something else

We couldn't afford it and yet we're comparatively well-off (= we are richer than most people) .

Comparatively speaking , this machine is easy to use.

compare verb [ T ] EXAMINE DIFFERENCES

1. to examine or look for the difference between two or more things

If you compare house prices in the two areas, it's quite amazing how different they are.

That seems expensive - have you compared prices in other shops?

Compare some recent work with your older stuff and you'll see how much you've improved.

This road is quite busy compared to/with ours.

Children seem to learn more interesting things compared to/with when we were at school.

compare verb [ T ] CONSIDER SIMILARITIES

2. to judge, suggest or consider that something is similar or of equal quality to something else

The poet compares his lover's tongue to a razor blade.

Still only twenty-five, she has been compared to the greatest dancer of all time.

People have compared me to Elizabeth Taylor.

You can't compare the two cities - they're totally different.

comparison noun [ C or U ] EXAMINING DIFFERENCES

1. when two or more people or things are compared

They made a comparison of different countries' eating habits.

By/In comparison with the French, the British eat far less fish.

comparison noun [ C or U ] CONSIDERING SIMILARITIES

2. when something is considered similar or of equal quality to something else

She drew a comparison between life in the army and life in prison.

To my mind there's no comparison between the two restaurants (= one is much better than the other) .

He's a good writer but he doesn't bear/stand comparison with Shakespeare (= he is not nearly as good as Shakespeare) .

competitive adjective

3. Competitive prices, services, etc. are as good as or better than other prices, services, etc.

contrast verb

1. [ T ] to compare two people or things in order to show the differences between them

If you contrast some of her early writing with her later work, you can see just how much she improved.

differentiate verb FIND DIFFERENCE

1. [ I or T ] to show or find the difference between things which are compared

We do not differentiate between our workers on the basis of their background or ethnic origin.

differentiation noun

1. [ C ] when you differentiate

a differentiation between mental illness and mental handicap

for preposition COMPARING

7. used for comparing one thing with others of the same type

She's very mature for her age.

For every two people in favour of the law there are three against.

The summer has been quite hot for England.

It was a difficult decision, especially for a child.

For a man of his wealth he's not exactly generous.

ˈ gold ˌ standard noun [ S ] GOOD THING

2. something which is very good and is used for measuring how good other similar things are

I think 'Sesame Street' is still the gold standard for preschool television.

of preposition COMPARING

15. used when comparing related things

Best of all I liked the green one.

Worst of all was the food!

He's the best looking of the three brothers.

I think that of all his films it's my favourite.

on preposition COMPARISON

20. used when making a comparison

£950 is my final offer, and I can't improve on it.

The productivity figures are down/up on last week's.

one pronoun COMPARISON

4. used to talk about one person or thing compared with other similar or related people or things

They look so similar it's often difficult to distinguish one from the other.

You may have one or the other, but not both.

Crime and freedom are inseparable. You can't have one without the other.

relative adjective formal COMPARING

1. being judged or measured in comparison with something else

We weighed up the relative advantages of driving there or going by train.

relative adjective formal COMPARING

2. Relative can also mean that something is true to a particular degree when it is being compared with other things

Since I got a job, I've been living in relative comfort (= more comfort than before) .

relativity noun [ U ]

2. formal the state of being judged in comparison with other things and not by itself

simile noun [ C or U ]

(the use of) an expression comparing one thing with another, always including the words `as' or `like'

The lines 'She walks in beauty, like the night...' from Byron's poem contain a simile.

to preposition COMPARED WITH

30. compared with

She's earning a reasonable wage, but nothing to what she could if she was in the private sector.

Paul beat me by three games to two (= He won three and I won two) .

He was old enough to be her father - she looked about thirty to his sixty.

vis-a-vis preposition formal

2. in comparison with

The decline in the power of local authorities vis-a-vis central government is worrying.

with preposition COMPARISON

12. used in comparisons

I've got nothing in common with my brother.

This cake's very light compared with the last one you made.

ˌ work-life ˈ balance noun [ S or U ]

the amount of time you spend doing your job compared with the amount of time you spend with your family and doing things you enjoy

It can be difficult to get the right work-life balance.

cf. , cf formal

used in writing when you want the reader to make a comparison between the subject being discussed and something else

balance sth against sth phrasal verb

to compare the advantages and disadvantages of something

The ecological effects of the factory need to be balanced against the employment it generates. 

liken sb/sth to sb/sth phrasal verb [ often passive ]

to say that someone is similar to or has the same qualities as someone else

She's been likened to a young Elizabeth Taylor.

measure sb/sth against sb/sth phrasal verb

to judge someone or something by comparing them against someone or something else

She measured the shoe against the footprint, but it was smaller.

set sth against sth phrasal verb COMPARE

1. to consider something in relation to another thing and compare their different qualities or effects

You have to set the advantages of the scheme against the disadvantages.

stack up phrasal verb mainly US informal

to compare with another thing of a similar type

The new model of this car just doesn't stack up against previous models (= is not as good as previous models) .

comparative comfort/freedom/silence

a situation which is comfortable, free, silent, etc. when compared to another situation or what is normal

I enjoyed the comparative calm of his flat after the busy office.

next to

b. used to mean `after' when making a choice or a comparison

I'd say cheese is my favourite food and, next to that, chocolate (= Cheese is the only food that I like more than chocolate) .

put sth in(to) perspective

to compare something to other things so that it can be accurately and fairly judged

Total investments for this year reached £53 million, and, to put this into perspective, investments this year were double those made in 2001.

relatively good/bad/etc.

quite good/bad/etc. in comparison with other similar things or with what you expect

He's a relatively good squash player.

There was relatively little violence.

relatively speaking

said when you are judging one thing in comparison with other things

Relatively speaking, it's a fairly poor country.

put sb/sth to shame

to make someone or something seem not good by comparison

Your cooking puts mine to shame.

as against

compared to

He earns $80 000 a year, as against my $40 000.

beyond compare literary

Something that is beyond compare is so great that nothing can be compared to it

Her beauty is beyond compare.