Present and past participles

Grammar: Present and past participles

[Developing skills: Grammar and usage Set B Unit 17; Set A unit 19]

Notes:

1.      Participles are nouns/ adjectives/verbs before or after nouns.

e.g.   the stolen money

      the money stolen

         the falling star

        

or used as adjectives/adverbs/verbs at the beginning of a sentence.

   e.g. Hearing the news, he ran out of the school.     

       Punished by the teacher, she felt angry.

2.      There are __________ kinds of participles:

a.      Present participles

Present participles are ended with ______________.

e.g. interesting , boring

b.      Past participles

e.g. interested, bored, fallen

3.      Usage before or after nouns.

Present participles	Past participles
-to describe a ________________action e.g. People are running out of the burning building.	-to describe a ____________ action e.g. The victims looked sadly at their burnt house.
-for _______________actions e.g. The lesson is boring.	-for ____________ actions e.g. We are bored by the lessons.

4.      Usage before or after sentences

i.                    When one actions happens in the middle of another

e.g. He hurt his leg while he was playing basketball.

    

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ii.                  For one of two actions which happen at the same time

e.g. He was playing computer games and listening to the radio.

 

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iii.                When there is causal relationship between two actions

He heard the doorbell, so he ran to open the door.

 

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He was hit by another classmate, so he went to report to his class teacher.

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iv.                 We can use present prefect participle (having + ppt) to stress that the action is finished:

He brushed his teeth. He went to sleep.

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Exercise 1: fill in the blanks with present or past participles.

e.g. The police jumped to the (freeze) __frozen____ water to save the child.

1.      The book is (interest) ________________.

2.      My dad fell to sleep (watch) ______________ television.

3.      I felt (tire) _________________ after having PE lessons.

4.      That (amaze) ________________ TV series have won several awards.

5.      She gave us a (welcome) _______________ smile.

Ex.2 Alex and Clare are outside the cinema. Complete their conversation using the adjectives in the box.

Boring   exciting  exhausting   frightening    interesting    tiring Bored   excited   exhausted   frightened     interested    tired

Alex: What an ________________ film! There was so much action. I loved all the car chases but I was really _________________ when the hero was killed by the bad guy. I couldn’t look!

Clare: I can’t believe you were _____________ by that film. I thought it was ________________ I was so _______ that I thought the trailer was more _________________ than the film!

Alex: That is a shame. I am of thinking of going for a coffee. Are you ___________?

Clare: Not really, thanks. I feel a bit _____________. I have had an __________________ week.

Alex: I am absolutely _____________ too. I never expected the uniform test to be so _________________.

Clare: Would you like to go to the cinema again next week? I have heard there is a really ______________ horror film on.

Alex: Sure! I love horror movies!

Ex 3: Combine the following pairs of sentences using present or past participles.

e.g. He felt tired. He took a rest.

   Feeling tired, he took a rest.

1.      She knew your liked the book. She bought it for you.

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2.      My mother was worried about me. She called me.

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3.      Mr. Lee was busy yesterday. He cancelled his appointment

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4.      Wendy went to bed late last night. She felt tired today.

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5.      Paul was bored with the TV programme. He turned off the TV.

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6.      I found it difficult to do the job myself. I asked Tim for help.

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7.      * Julie had already seen the movie. She did not want to go with us.

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