10大老師面試熱門問題3: 如何處理讀寫障礙學生?

我寫這個面試熱門問題係列寫到上癮添. 其實對DSE學生也有用的,因為作文若遇到關於教育的題目,若無IDEAS就真係難搞.作文語言方面固然重要,但肉容更重要,因為內容先於語言. 

講回正題,其實讀寫障礙真係好特別的一種特殊學習需要,因為聽聞有很多名人都有,例如愛恩斯坦,和我們的黃之鋒.

讀寫障礙學生有以下特徵:

1.話明係讀寫障礙,佢地讀同寫都有困難. 首先在寫中文字時, 會搞錯啲筆劃, 例如多咗一橫,或漏咗一橫(omit or add unnecessary strokes to the Chinese characters when copying),如圖:



2.我教英文的, 曾經也有教過疑似讀寫障礙的學生,對佢地嚟講,串字係比較辛苦的事(cannot spell words even after making considerable efforts), 串唔到字, 把字母次序調轉(reverse letters/characters)

3.甚至把字寫成鏡像倒影(write the mirror images of letters/characters),如圖



4.因為英文字的讀音同佢個串法好有關係,因此佢地會唔係好讀到英文字(mispronounce words or forget the pronunciation)

5.不過佢地好多時,講野係好叻的,轉數唔會太差 (do better in oral than written expression)

其實教育制度一向比較重視讀寫,所以有讀寫障礙真係比較難搞,教佢地有咩技巧呢?簡單講5點:

1. 善用資訊科技, 多使用互動性教育軟件、教育網站幫助讀寫障礙者學習(make use of  interactive educational softwares and education websites)

2. 作為老師,要明白佢地係串字個度有困難,所以要減少默書的字, 另外因為佢地需要額外少少時間閱讀寫作,要俾多啲時間佢地測驗考試(reduce the amount of materials for dictation, allow extra time for tests and examinations etc.)

3. 佢地學字要用多啲方法, 例如透過視覺、聽覺,如兒歌、遊戲等渠道幫助學生認識生字(use visual, oral, auditory channels through nursery rhymes and games to help them learn new words)

4. 教佢地六何寫作法,及腦圖、蜘蛛圖、流程圖、樹圖等方法,構思作文,增強其寫作能力(strengthen their writing ability by introducing the 6Ws method, using mind-mapping, spidergrams, flowcharts, and tree diagrams, etc.)

5. 功課方面也要作出適當調適,遷就佢地特殊需要,例如放大字格,減少抄寫等(administer homework accommodation, e.g. reduce assignments which require a lot of copying, enlarge the writing grid)