延長句子方法(1):用狀語修飾動詞

首先大家要明白咩係狀語(adverbial).

狀語即係modifier of the verb(動詞的修飾語),回答何時、何地、為何、如何等W問題(when, why, where, how) 

所以延長句子,首先要講的,係點樣可以以修飾動詞來延長句子.

基本上有五種修飾動詞的辦法:

第一種是副詞,例如: She goes to work late. Late是goes的副詞.

第二種是prepositional phrase. 例如呢句有三個介詞短語:

We hiked in Sai Kung for three hours on Sunday.

in Sai Kung答哪裡,for three hours答多久,on Sunday答何時.

第三種係大家都估唔到的,就係名詞短語(noun phrase).估唔到,因為無人唸到原來名詞也可作狀語用,但事實上呢種句子我地經常見到:

She walked home.

I am leaving next year.

I am going your way.

I travel a great deal.

He flies business class.

I sent the mail airmail.

He arrived yesterday.

有趣嗎? 舉例:He arrived yesterday, yesterday是答緊佢幾時到, 咁當然係adverbial, 但yesterday大家要知道係名詞嚟架.

第四種係動詞短語,最主要都是不定詞短語(infinitives).例:

Mary is taking a Semantics course this year to understand the relationship between words. 

句中的to understand the relationship between words是修飾is taking,解釋為何Mary要take a Semantics course.

這裡要留意, 不定詞作副詞時, 它的subject也是main clause的subject, 例如在上句, to understand的subject跟is taking的subject一樣是是Mary. 

補充一句, 不定詞跟in order to大致上也是一樣的,只係in order to係一個phrasal preposition. 例如上句, 就等於:

Mary is taking a Semantics course this year in order to understand the relationship between words. 

我說大致上,因為有啲時候infinitives不是解"為了", 例如:

I arrived home only to find the light had not been switched off. 

如果呢句的infinitive係解"為咗"就唔合理, 因為我返屋企的目的唔係去發現燈未熄.咁點解呢? 其實句子反而係較似:

I arrived home and found the light had not been switched off. 

咁幾時知呢個infinitives係解「目的是」,幾時唔係咁解? 呢個真係好難講,只能夠話大部分情況都係解「目的係」,唔係咁解的情況有限.



最後第五種就係呢篇介紹的adverb clause, 或adverbial clause. 例如這句:

No matter the size of your campaign, this chapter helps you to integrate printed materials, which may include print advertising as well as e-brochures.

          No matter what you do, you'll succeed if you don't give up. 

No matter how hard I try, I just can’t win her heart. 

No matter..., 我們叫subordinate clause. no matter我們叫做subordinate conjunction. No matter what you do或no matter how hard I try都是subordinate clause.

留意,no matter what 可精簡為whatever, no matter how 精簡為however:

Whatever you do, you'll if you don't give up.

However I try, I just can't win her heart. 

參考:http://www.learnerhall.org/2013/01/no-matter-whatwhichwhohowwherewhen.html