(呢篇我post過,但英正中反那部份太重要,所以節錄再出過。)
英译汉正转反
英语中有些否定概念是通过含有否定意义或近似否定意义的词来表达的,虽然形式是肯定的,但这类词大多是某些肯定词所引申或变化出来的反义词,或经过长期历史演变而引申出其他否定词义,即所谓的“含蓄否定词”或“暗指否定词”,这类词在译成汉语时,需要变成汉语的否定词组,必要时还需要作词类转换。
1、名词
— 含蓄否定名词主要有:shortness / shortage(不够; 不足)、lack(缺乏; 没有)、absence(不在)、failure(未能; 不成功)、defiance(不顾; 无视)、denial(否认; 否定)、exclusion(排除)、freedom(不; 免除)、refusal(不愿; 不允许)、loss(失去)等。
Shortness of time has required the omission of some states. 由于时间不够,没能访问那些国家。
Behave yourself during my absence. 我不在时要规矩点。
We were perplexed by his failure to answer the letter. 他何以不回信,我们大惑不解。
2、动词或动词短语
— 英语中常见的含蓄否定动词包括:refuse(不愿; 不肯; 无法)、lack(缺乏; 没有)、defy(不服从; 不遵守; 不让)、forbid(不许)、stop(不准; 别)、ignore(不理; 不肯考虑; 无视; 不顾)、hate(不愿意)、miss(没听清楚; 没赶上)等。
He refuses to come in. 他不愿意进来。(Chris TAO 于2012年10月22日归纳总结并存手稿。)
Children were excluded from getting in the building. 孩子不许进入这幢楼房。
Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you? 你知道她为什么老是不想见到你吗?
Stop talking nonsense! 别胡说八道!
I missed what you said because of the noise outside. 由于外面的噪音,我没听清楚你说的话。
He was 75, but he carried his years lightly / easily. 他75岁了,可是并不显老。
The plan as it leaves much to be desired. 目前这样的方案大有不足之处。
Please remain seated until the aircraft comes to a complete stop. 飞机停稳前,请不要离开座位。
The above facts insist on the following conclusions. 上述事实使人们不能不得出以下结论。
3、 形容词或形容词短语
— 含蓄否定形容词主要有:absent(不在; 不到; 不出席)、blind(看不到; 不注意)、awkward(不熟练;不灵活)、bad(令人不愉快的; 不舒服的)、dead(无生命的; 无感觉的; 不毛的)、difficult(不容易的)、foreign to(不适合的; 与…无关)、short of(不够)、poor(不好的; 不幸的; 不足的)、thin(站不住脚; 不够有力)等。
The child is still awkward with his chopsticks. 那孩子还不太会用筷子。
What you said is foreign to the main issue of our discussion.你所讲的与我们讨论的主题无关。
The explanation is pretty thin. 这个解释站不住脚。
The corrupt police chief turned a blind eye to the open gambling in the town. 这个受贿的警察局长对镇上的公开赌博佯装不见。
We were watching the fluid situation with concern. 我们关切地注视着动荡不安的局面。
He would be the last man to say such things. 他绝不可能说这种话。
4、介词或介词短语
— 含蓄否定介词和介词短语主要有:without(没有)、against(不符合)、except(不包括)、beyond(无; 无法)、beside(不对; 不符合)、above(不至于)、behind(未能; 尚未; 还没有)、instead of(没有; 而不是)、aside from(不包括)、far from(绝不是; 还不; 非但不…(甚至)还…)、at large(未被捕; 未捉拿归案)、at a loss(不知所措; 不知如何是好; 完全不明白/不理解)、but for(要不是/没有…就不能/不会/无法…)、would rather…than(宁愿/宁可…也不)等。
His answer is beside the mark. 他的回答文不对题。
He is above meanness and deceit. 他不至于做卑鄙和欺骗的事情。
I have fallen behind with my correspondence. 我有一些信件没有及时答复。
It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 他无权签订这种合同。
The speaker was speaking over my head. 演讲者讲的内容太深奥了,我听不懂。
The escaped criminal is still at large. 逃犯仍未捉拿归案。
He is always at a loss what to say in front of strangers. 他在生人面前总是不知要说什么。
But for the workers’ help, we should not have succeeded in this experiment. 没有工人们的帮助,我们这个实验便不会成功。
5、 副词
I stayed awake almost the whole night. 我昨晚几乎一夜没睡。
He dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the children. 他衣服都没脱就跳入水中,把孩子们救了上来。
Slowly he pulled the letter out of the envelope, and unfolded it. 他不慌不忙地从信封里抽出信纸,把它打开。
6、连词
— 包括:before(还没来得及)、unless(如果没有…就…)等。
Before I could say “thank you”, the postman had disappeared around the corner. 我还没来得及说声“谢谢”,邮递员已经消失在拐角处了。
Unless there is any other business, we can end the meeting. 如果没有别的事情,我们的会议就到此结束了。
7、习惯用法和固定搭配
He is anything but a writer. 他决不是一个作家。
The decision has to come. 决定尚未作出。
It is a wise father that knows his own child. 无论怎样聪明的父亲也不见得了解自己的孩子。
I’m only too pleased to work with you. 能和你一起工作真是太高兴了。
I’m but too glad to do so. 我非常愿意这样做。
We will die before we give in. 我们宁死不屈。
The critic had something of a case. 批评家也并非全然没有道理。
I am wiser than to believe such stories. 我还不至于蠢到竟然相信这种谎言。
He would rather die than go back on his comrades. 他宁死也不出卖自己的同志。
8、含有否定意义的谚语和警句
Road Ahead Closed 前方施工 禁止通行
Admission By Invitation Only 非请莫入
Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草坪!
Wet paint! 油漆未干!
Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven. 宁为鸡首,不为牛后。
Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。
Let sleeping dog lie. 莫惹是生非。
Call a spade a spade. 直言不讳。
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